1. Pat Moran Michael Rengers Professor Green English 102.027 Abbreviations and Symbols Cm, mph,p.m. ∏@ Ωπ $%&

2. Abbreviate Familiar Titles. Examples: Mr. Mrs. Dr. Jr. Sr. PhD When the abbreviation follows a name. A comma goes between the name and the abbreviation. Example: Robert Robinson, Jr. Elaine Less, LL.D. Spell out titles used without proper names. Mr. Carew asked if she had seen the doctor.

3. Use Abbreviations Only When You Know Readers Will Understand Them Familiar Abbreviations- CBS, EPA, IRS Unfamiliar Abbreviations- Human Resources and Education Center (HREC) When you are using unfamiliar abbreviations make sure it’s spelled out the first time you use it, and give the abbreviation in parentheses.

4. Abbreviate Words Used with Times, Dates, Etc. 6:00 p.m. or 6:00 P.M. or 9 PM Make sure your consistent throughout 498 B.C. or 498 B.C.E. or 498 BCE 6,000 rpm 271 cm 55 mph

5. Avoid Latin Abbreviations in Formal Writing In formal writing, it is usually a good idea to avoid even common Latin abbreviations (e.g., et al., etc., and i.e.). Instead of e.g., use such as or for example. Examples Cf.Compare (confer) e.g. For example, such as (exempli gratia) Et al.and others (et alia) Etc.and so forth, and so on (et cetera) i.e. That is (id est) N.B. Note well (nota bene)

6. Avoid inappropriate abbreviations and symbols Make sure to spell out days of the week, places, peoples names, disciplines and professions, parts of speech, parts of written works, symbols, and units of measurement Examples Saturday not Sat. Texas not TX Verb not V. Physical Education not phys. Ed. Christmas not Xmas

7. Quiz Fix these sentences. 1. Doctor Smith was part of HREC last year. 2. Come before 6:00 p.m. but not after 6:30 P.M. 3. Mr. Carew asked if she had seen the dr. 4. She needed to buy pencils, books, paper, etc. 5. My brother from TW is not coming home for Xmas.

8. Answers 1. Do not use unfamiliar abbreviations. 2. Either P.M. for both or p.m. for both. Keep consistent. 3. Spell out Doctor. 4. Avoid using Latin abbreviations. 5. Spell out states and holidays.