1. U.S. Imperialism
economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation

2. Why does the U.S. Expand?

3. Reasons for Expansion…
Trade: wants new markets overseas
Resources
Manifest Destiny
New Technology allows it
Navy Grows
Social Darwinism: U.S. believes that our way of life is better
Spread Christianity: Anglo-Saxonism- belief that Christianity and English speaking nations are superior

4. A Desire For New markets
Many countries were expanding overseas by developing colonies.
Imperialism: economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation

6. Why Become a Colony?
Areas sometimes become colonies so that countries can protect their investments.
Protectorate: an imperial power allows local rulers to stay in political control, but the country is protected against invasion and rebellion by the imperial (dominant) country
Even though local rulers had “power” they would accept advice on how to govern by the imperial country

7. Expansion in the pacific

8. Americans begin expansion in east asia
Matthew Perry went on a naval expedition to negotiate trade with Japan.
Japan opens its ports to American trade.
Japan adopts Western technology and goes through an industrial revolution to compete with other countries.

9. The U.S. wants ports in the pacific ocean
U.S. opens a naval base on a Samoan Island (Pongo Pongo) in 1878
The U.S. gains the rights to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
Bases allow a country to operate a navy far from home: Allows ships to resupply and refuel

10. Annexing hawaii American planters living in Hawaii become rich
Recession strikes Hawaii, sugar taxes hurt farmers
Congress ratifies a treaty that exempts Hawaiian sugar from taxes.
Causes a boom in the Hawaiian sugar industry
American planters living in Hawaii become rich

11. Planters try to limit the king’s Power
Kalakau was elected as the king in 1872.
He signs a constitution that states only men with a large amount of money and land could vote.
This hurt native Hawaiians who were mostly poor and could not vote.
Planters have more voting power.

12. Queen Liliukalani
After his death, his sister, Lydia Lil'iukalani, became the queen of Hawaii.
She was set on taking back the Hawaiian power her brother had given to Western businesses.

13. Cleveland says no!
Planters overthrow her and request that the U.S. annex Hawaii.
President Cleveland says no and tries to restore the queen to power.
It doesn’t work. Planters declare Hawaii a free Republic.
Native Hawaiians are upset!

14. Hawaiians Oppose annexation

15. Hawaiian protest is ignored
When McKinley became president, he was in favor of the annexation.
Also, America was now at war with Spain, and Hawaii was now noticed as an important strategic land to have.
The Islands were not only rich in resources, but they were also well positioned for naval use.
Hawaii is annexed in 1893 and becomes a state in 1959.

16. U.S. Imperialism in latin america
Trade and diplomacy 17.2
U.S. Imperialism in latin america

17. U.S. trades with Latin America
Pan-Americanism: idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together
Organization of American States- worked to promote cooperation among nations in the Western hemisphere

18. The Spanish American War
The Coming of War
The Spanish American War

19. Spain owned
Puerto Rico
Cuba
The Philippines and Guam

20. Cuban rebels declared independence in and launched a war against Spanish authorities, which fails.
Cuban exile leader Jose Marti begins collecting money and weapons while planning an invasion of Cuba
The U.S. puts a tariff on Cuban sugar which hurt’s Cuba’s economy.

21. Marti’s followers rebel in February 1895.
The Republic of Cuba is established Sept
American newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst printed exaggerated news stories (yellow journalism) about the suffering of Cubans at the hands of the Spanish rulers.
The stories were sensationalized and were trying to get U.S to support the rebellion.

22. Americans want the U.S. to do something
Sept. 1897, President McKinley asked Spain if the U.S. could help negotiate to end the conflict.
Negotiations failed.
Fearing for American’s living in Cuba, McKinley sends the Maine (a ship) to Havana to help evacuate Americans if needed.

23. What sparked America to enter into war with Spain?
Jan. 1898: the USS Maine being moved into harbor to protect Americans
Feb. 1898: The DeLome letter is printed which was critical of McKinley calling him weak
Feb. 15, 1898: An explosion in the harbor, sinks the USS Maine. Many believe it is an intentional act.
Mar. 28, 1898: a naval court declares the Maine exploded from a mine.

24. April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to declare war
April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to declare war. Jingoism: aggressive nationalistic feelings, were present in Congress at the time.
April 19, 1898: Congress declares Cuba as independent, demands Spain withdraw from the island and allows the use of force if needed
April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the U.S. and the Spanish American War starts

25. The Philippines are rebelling against Spain as well…
MEANWHILE
The Philippines are rebelling against Spain as well…

26. May 1, 1898: George Dewey leads his squadron to Manila Bay and opens fire on Spanish War ships
On the way to the Philippines, American ships seize Guam. When Americans arrive in the Philippines, they take over the capital of Manila.

27. Back in Cuba…
June 14, 1898: U.S. troops land in Cuba and begin fighting under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt
July 1, 1898: Teddy Roosevelt leads the Rough Riders to take over San Juan Hill
July 3, 1898: American warships sink most of the Spanish fleet

28. The war ends… August 1898: U.S. and Spain agree to a cease fire
December 10, 1898: U.S. and Spain sign the Treaty of Paris

29. Terms of the treaty of paris
Platt Amendment- Cuba is an independent country, U.S. can have naval stations there
U.S. acquires Guam and Puerto Rico
U.S. pays Spain 20 million for the Philippines

30. Aka…
In the end the Spanish American War becomes known as a “splendid little war.”

31. New Diplomacy in America
17.3
New Diplomacy in America

32. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power
The Election of 1900
McKinley wins and Theodore Roosevelt becomes Vice President.
Foraker Act- signed by McKinley in 1900, it established a civilian government and removed American military control in Puerto Rico
McKinley is shot and dies; Roosevelt takes office.

33. T.R.’s Rise to power
Believed that competition and conflict keep you healthy.
He thought the U.S. should be a strong world power.
Agreed with Anglo-Saxonism- the U.S. had a duty to shape the less civilized areas of the world

34. American Diplomacy in Asia
The U.S. navy increased America’s power in Asia.
The main U.S. interest is trade and natural resources.
Our exporting increased significantly when we began trading with China!

35. Problems lead to war…
China and Japan go to war over Korea

36. Struggle to expand Japan wins and Korea gains its independence
China also gives Japan Manchuria.
France, Germany and Russia are angry and force Japan to give back part of Manchuria to China.
These nations want to lease this territory from China.
Land is still China’s but foreign governments would control it.

37. Strike a deal
Leaseholds form a sphere of influence : an area where foreign nations controlled economic development. (mining, industry)
The U.S. proposed the Open Door Policy
This is the idea that everyone can trade with China and do business in the spheres of influence.

38. Some resent foreign control
Some groups believed foreigners were corrupting Chinese society
Boxer Rebellion-
Attacked foreign embassies in Beijing
Killed 200 foreigners
China paid foreign governments for the damaged caused by the rebels

39. TR upholds U.S. interests
Roosevelt sends “The Great White Fleet” of the U.S. navy around the world to show everyone the strength of the U.S. military.

40. Growing Presence in the Caribbean
Panama canal
Growing Presence in the Caribbean

41. T.R’s Big Stick Policy
Show your strength and people will think twice about fighting.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

42. Panama Canal
T.R. believed that constructing a canal through South America was important to America’s power in the world.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: made with Britain, allowed the U.S. to build and control a canal through Central America (Panama OR Nicaragua)
A canal would save time and money for commercial and military shipping.

43. Revolt in Panama
The U.S. offers Columbia $10 million and a yearly rent of $250,000 to construct the canal Columbia says no.
The U.S. supports a Panamanian rebellion which results in Panama’s independence from Columbia.
The U.S. recognized Panama’s independence, and signed Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty allowing the U.S. to build and control the Panama Canal.
Many were angry at the U.S. and felt that U.S. control of the canal was unfair.

44. Roosevelt Corollary Extends the Monroe Doctrine
Stated that the U.S. will intervene in Latin America if necessary to maintain the economic and political stability of the Western Hemisphere