1. Course: Introduction to RS & DIP
Satellite System
Mirza Muhammad Waqar
Contact:
EXT:2257
RG610
Course: Introduction to RS & DIP

2. Contents Satellite Remote sensing Remote Sensing Process Sensor types
Major satellites system
Resolutions
Low Resolution Satellite Systems
Medium Resolution Satellite Systems
High Resolution Satellite Systems
These are the contents of my presentation.

3. Satellite Orbits Polar‐orbiting, sun‐synchronous.
approx 800‐900 km altitude, 90‐100 minutes/ orbit, round the Earth in a polar direction and with each orbit pass over the equator about 30 degree west of the previous orbit.
Geostationary (geo‐synchronous).
approx 35,900 km altitude, 24 hrs/orbit
stationary relative to Earth.
 traveling at the same speed as the rotation of the Earth.

4. Characterizing the Resolutions
With respect to Spatial resolution:
High spatial resolution: < 4 m
Medium spatial resolution: 4 m ‐30 m
Low spatial resolution: > 30  m
With respect to Spectral resolution:
High spectral resolution: > 15 bands
Medium spectral resolution: 3 ‐ 15 bands
Low spectral resolution: < 3 bands
With respect to Temporal resolution:
High temporal resolution: < 3 days
Medium temporal resolution: 3 ‐ 16 days
Low temporal resolution: > 16 days

5. High Resolution Satellite Systems Sensors
Satellite/ Sensor
Ikonos
Space Imaging, USA
SPOT
France
Quick Bird
Digital Globe, USA
GeoEye 1
GeoEye, USA
World-View 1
OrbView-3
OrbImage, USA

6. Ikonos System Ikonos Orbit Sun‐synchronous, 681 km Sensor
Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)
Swath
11 km
Revisit Time
1‐3 days
Spectral Bands 
(µm)
0.45‐0.52 (1), 0.52‐0.60 (2), 0.63‐0.69 (3), 0.76‐0.90 
(4),0.45‐.90(PAN)
Spatial 
Resolution
1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1‐4)
System
Ikonos
Orbit
Sun‐synchronous, 681 km
Sensor
Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)
Swath
11 km
Revisit Time
1‐3 days
Spectral Bands 
(µm)
0.45‐0.52 (1), 0.52‐0.60 (2), 0.63‐0.69 (3), 0.76‐0.90 
(4),0.45‐.90(PAN)
Spatial 
Resolution
1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1‐4)

7. Ikonos image
1m IKONOS view of Dubai

8. Ikonos Image
1m IKONOS pan image of Rome

9. SPOT SPOT (Systeme Pour l’ Observation de la Terre)
SPOT 1 launched 1986, decommissioned and the reactivated in 1997
SPOT 2 launched 1990, still going
SPOT 3 launched 1993 and stopped functioning 1996
SPOT 4 launched in 1998, still going
SPOT 5 launched in 2002

10. SPOT series Satellite Launched Sensors Revisit(nadir Viewing) SPOT 1
1 Feb 1986
HRV1 & HRV 2
26 days
SPOT 2
Dec 1990
SPOT 3
Sept 1993
SPOT 4
March 1998
SPOT 5
May 2002

11. SPOT

12. SPOT 5 Satellite Image - Manchar, Pakistan

13. Medium Resolution Satellite Systems and Sensors
Satellite / Sensor
Landsat
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA
MODIS
NASA, USA
ASTER
NASA, USA
IRS
India

14. LANDSAT
First started by NASA in 1972 but later turned over to NOAA.

15. LANDSAT series Satellite Launched Status Sensor Revisit LANDSAT 1
July 23, 1972
expired, January 6, 1978
RBV, MSS
18 days
LANDSAT 2
January 22, 1975
expired, February 5, 1982
LANDSAT 3
March 5,1978
expired, March 31, 1983
LANDSAT 4
July 16 ,1982
decommissioned, June 15, 2001
TM, MSS
16 days
LANDSAT 5
March 1, 1984
TM still operational! MSS instrument decommissioned
LANDSAT 6
October 5, 1993
Lost at launch
ETM
LANDSAT 7
April 15,1999
operational despite Scan Line Corrector (SLC) failure May 31, 2003
ETM+

16. LANDSAT 7 System Landsat‐7 Orbit Sun‐synchronous, 705 km Sensor
ETM + (Enhanced Thematic Mapper)
Swath
185 km
Revisit Time
16 days
Spectral Band (µm)
0.45‐0.52 (1), 0.52‐0.60 (2), 0.63‐0.69 (3),0.76‐0.90 (4), 1.55‐1.75 (5), 10.4‐12.5(6), 2.08‐2.34(7), 0.50‐0.90 (PAN)
Spatial 
Resolution
15 m (PAN), 30 m (bands 1‐5, 7), 60 m (band 6)

17. Spectral band of Landsat1
0.45‐0.52 
(Blue)
Coastal water mapping, sediment mapping, pollution & haze detection 2
0.52‐0.60 
(Green)
Chlorophyll reflectance peak, vegetation species mapping, 
vegetation stress 3
0.63‐0.69 
(Red)
Chlorophyll absorption, plant species differentiation, biomass 
content 4
0.76‐0.90 
(NIR
Vegetation species and stress, biomass content, soil moisture 5
1.55‐1.75 
(SWIR)
Vegetation‐soil delineation, urban area mapping, snow‐cloud  differentiation 6
10.4‐12.5 
(TIR)
Vegetation stress analysis soil moisture and evapotranspiration mapping, surface temperature mapping 7
2.08‐2.34 
(SWIR
Mineral and rock type mapping, water‐body delineation, 
vegetation moisture content mapping 8
0.50‐0.90 
(PAN)
Medium‐scale topographic mapping, image sharpening, snow‐
cover classification

18. LANDSAT Imagery
shows wetlands, urban, open water, forest

19. Low Resolution Satellite Systems
Geostationary
Meteosat
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)
GOES
United States' National Weather Service (NWS) operations, NOA
GMS
The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and the Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
Polar orbiting
NOAA Series
NOAA, USA
Feng Yun Series 
(polar orbiting)
China Meteorological Administration, China

20. Meteosat

21. Meteosat Geostationary meteorological satellites Operator: EUMETSAT
Start of Program: 1977
Three Phases:
–Meteosat Operational Program (MOP) 1977 ‐ 1995
–Meteosat Transition Program(MTP)1995‐2004
–Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) 2004 onwards
Current satellite Meteosat‐9 (MSG‐2)

22. Meteosat System Meteosat‐8 Orbit Geostationary Sensor
SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced VIS and IR Imager)
Swath
Full Earth Disc
Revisit Time
15 minutes
Spectral Bands (µm)
0.5‐0.9 (PAN), 0.6, 0.8 (VIS), 1.6, 3.9 (IR), 6.2, 7.3  (Water Vapor (WV)), 8.7, 9.7, 10.8, 12.0, 13.4 (TIR)
Spatial 
Resolution
1 km (PAN), 3 km (all other bands)

23. Meteosat imagery
West Africa dust storm

24. Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution

25. Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution

27. Questions & Discussion