1. Histology and embryology
Male genital system
Histology and embryology

2. Development Development of gonads Development of genital ducts
Development of external genital

3. Origin Gonads – intermedial mesoderm of mesonephros
Primordial germ cells – endoderm of yolk sac
External genitalia – ectoderm and mesoderm

4. Indiferent stage Both sexes has same first stage coelomic epithelium
primary germ cords
primordial germ cells
mesonephric duct (Wollfian) and tubules
paramesonephric duct

5. Male gonads Y – chromosome if produced -> development of testis
SRY -> TDF (testes determining factor)
if produced -> development of testis
usually from 7th week
if not produced -> development of ovarium
usually from 12th week
„waiting period“

6. Development of testis
TDF stimulates proliferation of primary germ cord -> medullary cords
origin of seminiferous tubules and rete testis
origin of Sertoli cells
intermedial mesenchyme
origin of Leydig cells
rest of coelomic epithelium changed to tunica albuginea

7. Seminiferous tubules spermatogonia – from primordial germ cells
Sertoli cells – surrounds spermatogonia
secrete AMH – anti-müllerian hormone
inhibition of paramesonephric duct (Müllerian)
interstitial Leydig cells
produce testosteron from 8th week
no lumen till puberty

8. Descensus of the testis
from thoracolumbal area to scrotum
AMH, testicular growth, elongation of body
gubernaculum – connective cord between testis and scrotum
from 26th week
mark of fetal maturity
cryptorchism vs. ectopic testis

9. Genital ducts Connected medullar cords Mesonephric tubules
rete testis
Mesonephric tubules
Efferent ducts
Mesonephric duct (Wollfian)
Epididymal duct, ductus deferens, vesicular glands, ductus ejaculatorius
(ureter, pelvis, calices, collecting duct and tubules)
Paramesonephric duct (Müllerian) disappear

10. External genitalia indiferent stage genital tubercle urogenital folds
labioscrotal folds
male genital
penis
spongious urethra
scrotum

11. Testis Ducts Accesory glands
Histology
Testis
Ducts
Accesory glands

12. Testis Tunica albuginea Lobuli testis
dense connective tissue - collagenous
Lobuli testis
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitium

13. Seminiferous tubules
Stages of spermatogonia surrounded by Sertoli cells
hemato-testicular barrier – occluding junctions between medial part of Sertoli cells
nutrition, support
earlier stages are on the periphery of tubule
production of AMH, inhibin
regulated by follicle stimulating hormone

14. Spermatogenesis development of sperm from spermatogonia
multiple division – two times meiotic
spermiogenesis – maturation of spermatid into sperm

15. Sperm Head Middle piece Principal piece
maturation is 64 days long (from first division of spermatogonia A)
Head
Acrosome (enzymes), nucleus
Connecting piece - pair of centrioles
Middle piece
mitochondrial sheet, outer dense fibers (9), axonema
Principal piece
ribs of the fibrous sheet, outer dense fibers (7), axonema

16. Testicular interstitium
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessel
Leydig cells
production of testosteron
stimulation of spermatogenesis, maintanance of sex glands, sebaceous glands ...
regulated by luteinizing hormon of hypophisis

17. Testis (M1)

18. Sperm maturity and transport pathway
Tubuli recti et rete testis
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct

19. Tubuli recti et rete testis
cuboideal Sertoliho cells
no spermatogenic cells
surrounded by lymphatic channels, blood vessels and Leydig cells

20. Epididymis Ductuli efferentes - in head
columnar epitheluim with stereocilia and cilia
non-motile sperm
scalloped outline
smooth muscle layer

21. Epididymis Ductus epididymidis - in body & tail function
highly coiled one tubule m long
pseudostratified columnar epi with stereocilia
two layers of smooth muscle - thicker
function
maturation
storage
transport

22. Epididymis HE (M2)

23. Spermatic cord Vessels, muscles, lymphatic vessels, nerves
Ductus defernes (Vas deferens)
pseudostratified columnar epi
lamina propria
3 layers of smooth muscle (L, C, L)

24. Spermatic cord HE (M3)

25. Ejaculatory duct + Ampulla
pseudostratified columnar epi
lamina propria
muscular layer only in ampulla

26. Accesory Genital glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

27. Seminal vesicles (Glandulae vesiculosae)
cuboidela-to-pseudostratified epi
folded mucosa
smooth muscle layer (C+L)
adventitia + serosa on apex !
function: 50-70% of seminal fluid
fructose

28. Seminal vesicles HE (M4)

29. Prostate 30-50 tuboalveolar glands in fibromuscular stroma
3 regions of glands
periurethral mucosal gl.
periurethral submucosal gl.
peripheral main gl.

30. Prostate simple-to-pseudostratified epi
prostatic concrements (corpora amylacea)
protein rich material, calcifications
function: enrich the semen fluid, fibrinolysin, amylase, PSA

31. Prostate HE (M5)

32. Prostate WvG (M6)

33. Bulbourethral glands mucus secreting glands +galactose
lubrication function

34. Penis three masses of erectil tissue
2x corpora cavernosa
1x corpus spongiosum
communicating blood spaces (sinuses) surrounded by connective tissue
artery -> sinus -> vein
dilatation of artery (NO) compress vein, sinuses fill with blood -> erection occurs

35. Penis HE (M7)