1. Recent Progress in Television
Christoph Dosch
David Wood
ITU-R Study Group 6

2. What to expect?

3. What is the progress?
Increasing the viewer’s sense of involvement and quality of experience.
Increasing the range and type of services that the viewer is able to access on the same terminal (’convergence’).
Increasing the efficiency by which the services are delivered.
Made possible by technology improvements in displays and IC density.
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

4. Where are the main areas of progress in practice?
HDTV, UHDTV (Ultra-HD, Super Hi-Vision).
Stereoscopic 3DTV (with glasses)
Frame Compatible (FC) S-3DTV
Service Compatible (SC) S-3DTV
Auto-stereoscopic AS-3DTV (no glasses)
Broadband/Broadcast convergence
Smart TV, Second Screen, or Combination
We concentrate for this presentation on the first two above but provide a bit of info on the latter two
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

5. But what makes media technology successful is changing!
The Old Success Factors
Content available
Furniture value
Image/Sound Quality
Usability
Continuous Externalities
Price
The New Elements
Playback failure
Social context
Contiguous Externalities
Prior experiences/Expectations
Personal skills available
The Inactive Generation
34 plus years’ old
The Interactive Generation
0 -to-34 years’ old
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

6. ‘Quality of Experience’ factors to consider
Static resolution and sharpness
Dynamic resolution (strobing, judder, detail in moving objects)
Flicker
Colour fidelity (primaries, colour encoding)
Dynamic range (bit/sample, transfer characteristic)
Depth perception (depth cues)
Audio object localization and fidelity
Need: improving them with a significant step in a balanced, affordable, and comfortable way
Backward compatibility can also be important
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

7. ‘System Efficiency’ factors to consider
Video Compression
Audio Compression
Transport Layer
Modulation systems
Need: improving them in a significant step in a balanced and affordable way, in line with quality factors
Backward compatibility can also be important
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

8. Who does what in UHDTV? CEA / DE ITU-R EBU UHDTV DVB SMPTE
Rec. ITU BT.2020: Parameters for UHDTV
CEA / DE
UHD-1 Test material
ITU-R SG6 WP6c
FTV - BeyondHD
UHD-1 vs HDTV
Frame rate issues?
ITU-R
EBU
Report ITU BT : State of UHDTV systems
UHDTV
DVB
CM/TM - AVC
SMPTE
CM - UHDTV
24TB – SG on UHDTV Ecosystem
*jointly with ITU-T (H.265)
MPEG (ISO/IEEC)
HEVC*
3D Audio
SMPTE 2036 – 1 : Image parameters for UHDTV
Main profile
SMPTE 2036 – 2 : Audio characteristics and audio mapping
Main 10 profile
SMPTE 2036 – 3 : Mapping of UHDTV in 10Gbps interface
32NF – Multilink 3G SDI
QoS , Odessa, June 2013 8

9. ITU
Created the current reference document for UHDTV image parameters Rec. ITU-R BT Aug’12.
ITU-R BT – Aug’12. provides a report on the study of the different UHDTV parameters listed in BT 2020
Available for download on the ITU website of Study Group 6
(Click on Publications)
Lots of choices ! Great !
QoS , Odessa, June 2013 9

10. Rec. ITU-R BT.2020 Two UHDTV levels – 8 Mpixels and 32 Mpixels images
Assembled multiples of HDTV 1080p/1920 – 4 and 16 times
Parameter values were chosen to be ‘future-proof’ to last 30 years
New wider ‘colour primaries’
Option of ‘constant luminance YUV coding’
Bit depth 10 and 12 bits/sample
Frame rates up to 120Hz (for better motion portrayal)
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

11. Parameters in THE UHDTV signal format
Value
Aspect Ratio
16x9
Pixel Raster
3840x2160 (4k), 7680x4320 (8k)
Pixel aspect ratio
1:1 (square pixels)
Scan
Progressive
Frame Rate
120, 60, 60/1.001, 50, 30, 30/1.001, 25, 24, 24/1.001
Precision
10 bits
12 bits
Code for Reference Black 64
256
Code for Reference White
940
3760
Value for Reference Black (cd/m2)
unspecified
Value for Reference White (cd/m2)
Non-linear coding
Linear+Gamma 2.2 (same as Rec.709)
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

12. What happens to quality with increasing spatial resolution?
Quality proportional to square root of resolution
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

13. Higher frame rate improves viewing experience
UHD-2
32Mpixels
16x1080p
Displays 2020? ?
UHD-1
8Mpixels
4x1080p
Displays 2014?
‘Movie’ Frame rates.
24,25,30 Hz
‘TV’ Frame rates.
50, 60, 60/1.001
Higher Frame rates.
100,120 Hz
Similar to DCI movie format – content readily available
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

14. The Future is Faster : 50 and 60fps are too low frame rates
Static Resolution in UHDTV is much better than SD
Dynamic Resolution no better than SD unless frame-rate is increased
SD 50 Hz
UHDTV 60 Hz
HD 50 Hz
UHDTV 120 Hz
QoS , Odessa, June 2013 14 14

15. Do we need new DVB delivery systems for UHDTV?
DVB-S2 has the capacity for UHD-1, and it will be followed by new satellite systems with higher capacity (backwards compatible/non backwards compatible)
DVB-T2 is adequate for UHD-1, but system with MIMO may be valuable for UHD-2
UHDTV probably needs an adaptive streaming system for broadband Internet
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

16. Korea – Terrestrial UHD-1 is on trial with DVB-T2 today.
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

17. Audio for UHDTV No ITU agreement on new system yet
Large screens make height localization more valuable
Screen surround may include speakers, or speakers may be around the room?
Three basic approaches – channel based, scene based, and object based
Channel based – e.g ‘22.2’ ch. and ‘10.2’ ch.
Scene based – e.g. ‘ambisonics’
Object based – e.g. ATMOS
All could also be used with ‘binaural headphones’!
Proposals to ITU has been made for universal speaker location system
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

18. Two broadcast profiles under discussion in DVB project, drawing on BT
For use in 2014/2015, the UHD-1C profile. (C=conventional frame rate)
Up to 60Hz.
5.1 audio.
10 bits/sample
but include 1080p/up to 120Hz in decoder
For use in 2017/2018, the UHD-1H profile (H=high frame rate)
up to 120Hz
High Dynamic Range metadata
scalable video so UHD-1C and UHD-1H are forward and backward compatible.
advanced audio system
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

19. 3DTV - ITU Profiles and Levels
First Generation 3DTV (two views)
Level 0 3DTV Anaglyph
Level 1 3DTV Frame Compatible (half of vertical/horizontal resolution)
Level 2 3DTV Frame Compatible with top up
Level 3 3DTV Service Compatible (L + difference signal)
Second Generation 3DTV (multiple lateral views)
Third Generation 3DTV (Object Wave Recording)
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

20. The 3DTV situation Today
S-3DTV displays widely available – using either polarization plane or shutter glass viewing.
Most used broadcast system today is the DVB ‘Frame Compatible’ (FC) system
Blu Ray system is a ‘Service Compatible’ (SC) system with an MVC (multiple video coding) ‘top up’ signal
Some use (Korea) of a ‘Dual Stream’ (DS) system with independent L and R HDTV images (mixed MP2/MP4)
Future (next ten years) probably lies with an AS-3DTV system, using Ultra-HD displays that display multiple images, with screen coating that directs the viewers’ eyes to one pairs of images
QoS , Odessa, June 2013 20

21. 3DTV or UHDTV – WHICH IS BEST? UHDTV suit different things.
3DTV suits certain types of programme content. Benefits come where you can get cameras physically close to the action, and where there is limited action.
UHDTV suits certain types of content. Benefits come when there is a ‘large canvas’ event with lots of detail and motion.
Both 3DTV and UHDTV have strengths!
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

22. One of the big UHDTV jobs to be done -Metadata
To allow for different display colour primaries (2020 is close to OLED primaries, but others in practical use as well)
To allow for different colour encoding (CL and non CL)
To signal frame rates
To signal audio system
Would you like to help?
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

23. IBB – Integrated Broadcast-Broadband systems
ITU-Term for convergence at the service level (Report to be published in BT series)
Examples are HbbTV (Europe), YouView (UK) or HybridCast (Japan)
Receivers/terminals are equipped with both a broadcast and an Internet interface – broadcast and Internet-based services cooperate (or not)
Such TV receivers or set-top boxes are often called Connected TV or Smart TV
Most flat screens sold today are Smart TVs
QoS , Odessa, June 2013 23

24. Example: HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) – An Open ETSI Standard
Current version: ETSI TS v1.2.1 (November 2012) First ETSI standard (version 1.0) in June 2010
Work ongoing towards version 2.0 (with support of the EU project HBB-NEXT)
All references under
The HbbTV specification does not depend on a particular broadcast link nor on a particular IP link. It may be applicable with either or connection, but gains most momentum in a connected environment to broadcast and broadband
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

25. The RED BUTTON function
Examples of using HbbTV
The RED BUTTON function
When selecting a TV programme, the „RED BUTTON“ signals possible access to HbbTV services
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

26. Launcher application (first national German programme)
Examples of using HbbTV
Launcher application (first national German programme)
After pushing the RED BUTTON on the remote control the START PAGE appears
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

27. Examples of using HbbTV
Second Screen for easy operation and additional services (e.g. for barrier-free TV)
Ideal for additional services such as sign language,
audio description, clear audio or spoken
subtitles (with or without mixed original sound)
Via the tablet the TV application can be made invisible (Demonstration at IFA 2012 jointly provided by IRT and rbb)
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

28. Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen
Principle of the Second Screen framework
Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen
Any display device that allows connection to Internet can be used
Diagramme: HBB-NEXT
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

29. Conclusions
Progress is due to improvements in IC density and display technology
These allow systems with greater efficiency
Progress comes in the quality of experience, efficiency and range of services on the same terminal (plus “convergence”)
Most important for the next 5 years may be UHD-1 and possibly auto-stereoscopic 3DTV on UHD-1 displays
But what makes a system successful is changing!
QoS , Odessa, June 2013

30. Thank you for listening!
Christoph Dosch David Wood
Chair ITU-R SG 6 Chair ITU-R WP 6C