1. The Environmental Impact of Photography Aims: To have and open debate around key questions Create a ‘snapshot’ of opinions and viewpoints amongst people present To see what, are whether PCA students & staff Key Questions: What are the environmental impacts of photography? Which impacts are we concerned about? Do you think about the materials and processes you use? How do they inform your work ? How can we, as photographers, students and artists, reduce our environmental impact? What ‘environmentally friendly’ options do we have? What improvements, if any, would we like to see in terms of manufacturing processes, products and recycling of products? What can we do as consumers, to demand these changes? How can we visually communicate environmental issues in a way that will motivate people into action? Do the means outweigh the ends?

2. Environmental Legislations For Photographic Industry RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS) took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state. The RoHS Directive restricts the use of six hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE).

3. REACH REACH is a new European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use (EC 1907/2006). It deals with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances. The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007.(EC 1907/2006) The aim of REACH is to improve the protection of human health and the environment through the better and earlier identification of the intrinsic properties of chemical substances. At the same time, innovative capability and competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry should be enhanced. The benefits of the REACH system will come gradually, as more and more substances are phased into REACH. The REACH Regulation gives greater responsibility to industry to manage the risks from chemicals and to provide safety information on the substances. Manufacturers and importers will be required to gather information on the properties of their chemical substances, which will allow their safe handling, and to register the information in a central database run by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in Helsinki. The Agency will act as the central point in the REACH system: it will manage the databases necessary to operate the system, co-ordinate the in-depth evaluation of suspicious chemicals and run a public database in which consumers and professionals can find hazard information.European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) The Regulation also calls for the progressive substitution of the most dangerous chemicals when suitable alternatives have been identified.

4. WEEE The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) is the European Community directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) which, together with the RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC, became European Law in February 2003, setting collection, recycling and recovery targets for all types of electrical goods.European Community waste electrical and electronic equipmentRoHS DirectiveEuropean Law February 2003recyclingelectrical goods The directive imposes the responsibility for the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment on the manufacturers of such equipment. Those companies should establish an infrastructure for collecting WEEE, in such a way that "Users of electrical and electronic equipment from private households should have the possibility of returning WEEE at least free of charge". Also, the companies are compelled to use the collected waste in an ecologically-friendly manner, either by ecological disposal or by reuse/refurbishment of the collected WEEE.

5. ISO 14001 ISO 14001:2004 specifies requirements for an environmental management system to enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives which take into account legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and information about significant environmental aspects. It applies to those environmental aspects that the organization identifies as those which it can control and those which it can influence. It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria ISO 14040:2006 describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA) including: definition of the goal and scope of the LCA, the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, the life cycle interpretation phase, reporting and critical review of the LCA, limitations of the LCA, the relationship between the LCA phases, and conditions for use of value choices and optional elements.

6. Examples of Environmental Initiatives in Photographic Industry Epson “Epson has set four key conditions in order to work towards achieving Environmental Vision 2050: 1) Reduction of CO2 emissions by 90% across the entire product life cycle 2) Inclusion of all products in the resource reuse and recycling loop 3) Reduction of direct CO2 emissions by 90%, and elimination of global warming gas emissions other than CO2 4) Restoration and preservation of biodiversity as a member of the ecosystem, together with local communities Epson is committed to the relentless pursuit of innovation in compact, energy-saving, high-precision technologies

7. Canon It appears that, whilst net sales have almost doubled, (2,696.4 billion to 4,4813 billion) Canon’s environmental burdens has only increased slightly (6,112 tons CO2 to 6,484 lifecycle co2 emissions) since 2000. in 2008 92,457 tons waste, only 1004 tons to landfill – all rest recycled, 29,424 in house – Across all Canon business & manufacturing activities

8. In 2007, we attained a 27% reduction in emissions of controlled chemical substances compared to 2000 figures, but this represented an increase over the previous year to 907 tons as a result of growth in manufacturing volumes. From the development and design stages, Canon strives to attain 65% recyclability and 75% recoverability for its products, as stipulated by the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive)* mercury in fluorescent lamps for printers and the lead in scanner lenses are currently exempted from the EU RoHS. However, Canon has been substituting parts and materials containing these substances with those not containing designated chemical substances, in anticipation of a future strengthening of regulations. We are promoting inverse manufacturing (IM), in which used products collected from customers are disassembled and sorted and their parts reused.

9. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/cam paigns/toxics/electronics/how-the-companies- line-up