2. Civil Engineering is Everywhere
Branches of Civil Engineering.
Surveying
Transportation Engg
Geotechnical or Soil Mechanics
Environmental Engg
Structural Engg
Quantity Surveying
Construction Management and Project Management
Irrigation
Fluid Mechanics
Town Planning
Remote Sensing

3. BRANCHES OF CIVIL
Housing – 1) Surveying 2) Construction Management 3) Quantity Surveying 4) Structural Engg 5) Geotechnical and Foundation Engg 6) Earthquake Engg 7) Town Planning 8) Remote Sensing Water - 1) Irrigation Engg 2) Fluid Mechanics 3) Environmental Engg Transportation – 1) Roadways 2 ) Railways 3) Airways 4) Waterways

5. Surveying Def Surveying:- * Relative Point * Prepare Maps
* Linear and Angular Measurements
* Leveling
Classification of Surveying- * Plane Surveying
* Geodetic Surveying
Types of Surveying - * Based on Purpose
* Based on Instruments
Principals of Surveying –
Work from Whole to part
To Locate a pt by atleast 2 independent measurements.

6. TYPES – Based on Purpose – 1) Topographic Surveying – Natural and Artificial Features like hills, Lakes, Roads, Villages, Railway tracks……. Etc. 2) Cadcestral Surveying – Boundaries of Fields, Houses, Plots… 3) City Survey – boundaries of plots, watersupply, sanitary….. 4) Route Surveying - …………… 5) Mine Surveying – Underground material….. 6) Hydrographic Surveying – Nature of Bed Surface. Based on Instruments – 1) Chain Survey 2) Compass Survey 3) Chain and Compass Survey 4) Theodolite Survey 5) Tachometric Surveying 6) Plane Table Surveying 7) Electronic Distance Meter Surveying.

8. Applications Of Surveying 1) Plans and Maps 2) Measure Area of Plot or Land 3) Horizontal and vertical Measurements 4) CONTOUR Maps 5) Selection of Suitable site 6) Quantity of Earth Work 7) Capacity of Reservoir…….. And many more…….

9. Structural Engg.
Structural engineers design steel, concrete, timber framed structures such as:
Tall buildings, towers
Bridges
Chimneys, Tanks
Retaining walls, foundations
Stadiums …….. Etc…
Calculates LOAD on Structure

10. TYPES OF LOADS
Dead Load
Live Load
Wind Load
Earthquake Load.

11. Classification of STRUCTURES
RCC
Steel Structure
(HW…) Application of Structural Engineering??????

12. Environmental Engineering.
It’s also “PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING”
It’s the branch which deals with
Water Supply Engg
Sanitary System Engg
Environmental Pollution

13. Applications of Environmental Engg
Testing Quality of Water for diff. purposes.
Design – Water Treatment Plant
Design – Sewage Treatment Plant
Study Population and design proposed projects.
Control and Reduce POLLUTION
Dispose Waste….etc..

14. Transportation Transportation Engineers design and analyze Roadways
Railways
Airports
Waterways
Parking Lots
Traffic Control Signal Systems.

15. ROADWAYS Classification of Roadways – According to IRC
Expressway
National Highway (NH)
State Highway (SH)
Major District Road (MDR)
Village Road (VR)
According to Material used for Construction
Bituminous Road or Tar Road
Concrete Road
Water Bound Macadem Road (WBM)
Earth Work.

16. Classification according to IRC
Expressway – (HW) ???????
National Highway –
Run through LENGTH and WIDTH of Country
Connects Capitals
2 Lane
Width – 7 to 15 m
Fast and Heavy Loaded traffic.
State Highway –
Connects Major Cities to NH
2 lane or some times 1
Width – 7 to 10 m
Used for fast Traffic

17. Major District Road – - Connecting District places to taluka, main cities, major market places in cities - Width 5 to 8 m - Use of Moderate Traffic Village Roads Connects Village to taluka, village to nearest railway station, village to village… - EARTH ROAD or KUTCHA ROAD - Light and Slow moving Vehicles - (Bullock Cart Road)

18. Home Work -------- Write min 3 Examples of each type of Roadways according to IRC…

19. Classification based on Material

20. Classification based on Material
Bituminous Road or TAR Road
Tar is a Binding Material
Easily Repaired and Maintained
Due to Bitumen Layer Wearing surface is small
Life is Short

21. Concrete Road - Wearing surface is Cement Concrete - Rigid Pavement - Life is High as strength is high. - Difficult to repair and Maintain - HIGH COST.

22. Water Bound Macadam Road -
Base Course of Bitumen or Concrete
Constructed with 2 to 3 layers of aggregates and soil material
Normally provided on VILLAGE ROAD
Earth Road –
Earth material is main Constituent of the road
Kutcha road (Loacally available material)
Formed by trace passers or bullock carts….

23. HOME WORK…….
Any 6 Applications of TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING???

24. RAILWAYS It is also called as ‘ PERMAENT WAY’
Cross Section of Permanent Way.

26. Gauge: -The Clear Distance between the inner faces of Rails
Indian Railways are divided in 3 types based on Gauge Broad Gauge m Meter Gauge m Narrow Gauge m I.R. divided in Different 8 Zones 1) Northern 5) Western 2) Central 6) North Eastern 3) Southern 7) South Central 4) Eastern 8) South Eastern

27. HOME WORK…..
1) Short Note on Construction of Permanent way? 2) Comparison between ROADWAYS and RAILWAYS…… (4 mrks)

28. Geotechnical OR Soil Mechanics
Geotechnical engineering is essential for a safe and secure structure.
Deals with SOIL Study
Behavior of Soil under applied LOAD
TESTS –
Trials Pits
Plate Load Test

30. Application of Geotechnical Engg.
Properties of Soil
Classification of Soil
Bearing Capacity of Soil
Design of Earth Dam EG??????
Study of different SOIL STRATA
Capability of SUB- GRADE of road.
Design of FOUNDATION in any type of soil
Analyze the WATER SEEPAGE for Dams

31. Quantity Surveying Quantity Surveying ESTIMATE VALUATION
Deals with measuring various Quantities and Probable cost of Construction.
CLASSICATION:-
Quantity Surveying
ESTIMATE
VALUATION

32. Estimation – To find/ Calculate the ‘approximate cost’ of Construction.
Valuation – Determining the ‘PRESENT VALUE’ of existing property.
(HOME WORK…….)
Difference between Estimation and Valuation (Min 5 Pts.)
Applications of Q.S ???? (6 pts.)

33. Fluid Mechanics or Hydraulics
Water management involves the use of hydraulic principles to design:
Water Retaining Structures like DAMS, Canals, Weirs, Water Tanks……
Hydraulic machines like CP, RP, Turbines etc.
Gates of Dam, Valves to regulate water flow
Spillway
Ship/ Boat
Measure Velocity, viscosity, pressure, discharge of flow……..

34. Def. FLUID ???? FM Dynamic F Kinematic F Kinetic F Static F
Types of Fluid –
Ideal Fluid – No Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Incompressible (Imaginary Fluid)
Real Fluid – Having VISCOSITY
Classification – FM
Dynamic F
Kinematic F
Kinetic F
Static F

35. HOME WORK……..
APPLICATIONS of Fluid Mechanics?????

36. Construction Management
The job of a construction manager is to:
Provide quality control and insure project is completed on time .
Within budget.
4 M’s
Men
Money
Material
Machine
Constuction of Structure Divided in 2 parts
SUBSTRUCTURE
SUPERSTRUCTURE

37. Applications
1) Use of Modern Techniques, Machinery for SAFE and SPEEDY work. 2) Use od Modern Material in Special Construction Work like DAMS and TUNNELS 3) Plan the project and decided the sequence 4) Control Labours 5) Economical 6) Good Quality of Work

38. Irrigation Engineering
1) Process of Supplying Water for
Agriculture
Domestics
Industries
2) Construction of DAMs Reservoirs, Weirs….
3) Management of Water:- train the farmers for OPTIMUM use of Water.
4) Natural Source of Water
(HW) - Application of Irrigation Engg. ??????

39. EARTHQUAKE Engg.
Earthquake is a destructive and deadly natural phenomenon.
Deals with Seismic Zones and their effects on the structure.
“SHIFTING Of EARTH” – Design of Foundation
Study of Load On Building – DYNAMIC
Earthquake PROTECTION-
Compact Rectangular Plan
All Building Parts Tied Together
Parapet or any PROJECTION should not be more than 750 mm
Safe distance bet 2 structures
Provide Strong FOUNDATION resting on HARD STRATA.

41. ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER IN DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION WORKS…..

42. Role of C.E. in Const. of BUILDING
Planning and preparing a drawing and its approval
Preparation of Design
Estimating and Costing
Study of Foundation
Testing, Supervision and execution
Maintenance

43. Role of C.E. in Const. of DAM’s
Site Selection
Conduct various Surveys and Collection of Various Data
Study of Foundation
Study of Catchment Area
Reservoir Capacity
Selection of DAM
Structural and Hydraulic Design
Estimate
Testing Supervision Execution and maintenances
Socio Economic ROLE (Political and Social)

44. Role of C.E. in Const. of EXPRESS WAYs
Planning and Surveying
Alignment of Road
Contour Plan
Design of Road and Pavement
Estimate of Road
Construction and testing of Express Way
Maintenance

45. Importance of Interdisciplinary Approach in Engg.