1. Impressionism

2. Impressionism Art Characteristics Concerned with perception of optical sensations of light and color Concerned with perception of optical sensations of light and color No sharp edges No sharp edges Minimal defined lines Minimal defined lines Form and space are implied not defined Form and space are implied not defined Intense color and use of light Intense color and use of light

3. Impressionist Art Impression: Sunrise Impression: Sunrise 1872 1872 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Claude Monet Artist: Claude Monet Painting which gave the name to the new movement Painting which gave the name to the new movement Impressionism was meant as an insult as it stated that the artists could only make an impression of the scene Impressionism was meant as an insult as it stated that the artists could only make an impression of the scene Large brushstrokes and no definitive lines Large brushstrokes and no definitive lines

4. Impressionist Art Haystacks at Giverny (end of summer, morning) Haystacks at Giverny (end of summer, morning) 1891 1891 Giverny, France Giverny, France Painting Painting Artist: Monet Artist: Monet Monet painted the same subjects over and over again at different times of day and in different seasons to show how light effected it Monet painted the same subjects over and over again at different times of day and in different seasons to show how light effected it His brushstrokes were deliberately fuzzy to create the impression of the subject His brushstrokes were deliberately fuzzy to create the impression of the subject The focus of his work was light The focus of his work was light He painted outdoors and did not mix his colors on the palette, but rather on the painting He painted outdoors and did not mix his colors on the palette, but rather on the painting

5. Rouen Cathedral 1892-95 Rouen, France Painting Claude Monet Different times of day allowed different light – this is 3 separate paintings in a series of many

6. Snow Effect at Eragny, Road to Gisors 1885 Paris, France Camille Pissarro Amongst the giants, Pisarro is often forgotten for his contributions to Impressionist movement He lived very close to where he painted

7. Impressionist Art Dance at the Moulin de la Galette Dance at the Moulin de la Galette 1876 1876 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Renoir Artist: Renoir Impressionists often depicted pleasant places where people congregated to have fun Impressionists often depicted pleasant places where people congregated to have fun In Renoir, the weather is always good and the men and women always attractive In Renoir, the weather is always good and the men and women always attractive His goal was to capture the mood of the event with color and light His goal was to capture the mood of the event with color and light

9. A Bar at the Folies-Bergère 1882 Paris, France Painting Edouard Manet Manet has completely gone impressionist by this point in his career – the unique perspective of the mirror adds mystery to this painting

10. Impressionist Art Summer’s Day Summer’s Day 1879 1879 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Berthe Morisot Artist: Berthe Morisot Probably the most daring of all the Impressionists as her brushwork was the loosest Probably the most daring of all the Impressionists as her brushwork was the loosest Some of the subjects in the painting are nearly unrecognizable Some of the subjects in the painting are nearly unrecognizable Her artwork was critiqued for being too feminine (to many scenes of women and children) Her artwork was critiqued for being too feminine (to many scenes of women and children)

11. Impressionist Art The Dancing Class The Dancing Class 1874 1874 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Edgar Degas Artist: Edgar Degas Painted in a style called linear impressionism (use of more clear lines) Painted in a style called linear impressionism (use of more clear lines) Famous for his depictions of ballet dancers Famous for his depictions of ballet dancers A behind the scenes look capturing the dancers in relaxed mode or stretching, certainly not at their best or most graceful A behind the scenes look capturing the dancers in relaxed mode or stretching, certainly not at their best or most graceful Degas created a space where the walls are not parallel with the viewer Degas created a space where the walls are not parallel with the viewer

12. Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer 1879-81 Paris, France Artist: Edgar Degas bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood Degas barely dabbled with sculpture although he kept the ballerina theme when he did

13. Impressionist Art The Boating Party The Boating Party 1893 – 1894 1893 – 1894 Paris, France Paris, France Artist: Mary Cassatt Artist: Mary Cassatt Painting Painting The best known American Impressionist; she moved to Paris to paint The best known American Impressionist; she moved to Paris to paint Part of early critique of this work was the apparent ‘rudeness’ of the man in the boat who has turned his back to us Part of early critique of this work was the apparent ‘rudeness’ of the man in the boat who has turned his back to us The central figure is the baby (the man’s arm, the oar and the boat all point there) The central figure is the baby (the man’s arm, the oar and the boat all point there)

14. Little Girl in a Blue Armchair 1878 Paris, France Painting Mary Cassatt Cassatt’s focus on feminine subjects caused her to be dismissed as frivolous

15. The Bath ca. 1892 Paris, France Painting Mary Cassatt Preferred asymmetrical un-posed compositions Her vantage point, from above shows her interest in Japanese block paintings which were all the rage in the late 19 th century

16. Impressionist Art Arrangement in Black and Gray: The Artist’s Mother Arrangement in Black and Gray: The Artist’s Mother 1871 1871 London, England London, England Painting Painting Artist: James A.M. Whistler Artist: James A.M. Whistler An American ex-patriot who moved to Paris and then London An American ex-patriot who moved to Paris and then London The work is known popularly as Whistler’s Mother The work is known popularly as Whistler’s Mother A rather unemotional and intellectual portrayal of the subject is seen here A rather unemotional and intellectual portrayal of the subject is seen here Whistler named all his paintings in musical terminology Whistler named all his paintings in musical terminology

17. Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket) ca. 1875 London, England Painting James A.M. Whistler Here, Whistler is much more impressionistic and abstract

18. Fin de Siecle Art Eiffel Tower Eiffel Tower 1889 1889 Paris, France Paris, France Architecture Architecture Artist: Gustave Eiffel Artist: Gustave Eiffel At the time the tallest structure in the world at 984 feet tall At the time the tallest structure in the world at 984 feet tall Foreshadows the skyscrapers of the 20 th century Foreshadows the skyscrapers of the 20 th century Used as a radio tower, now a cell phone tower Used as a radio tower, now a cell phone tower Many Parisians still hate the structure, yet it has still come to represent France Many Parisians still hate the structure, yet it has still come to represent France

19. Post-Impressionism Characteristics Post Impressionism is the retrospective label given to the work of Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and Georges Seurat, who were painting in the final years of the nineteenth century. These men never formed a definitive school of painting but now it is possible to see that they were seeking similar aims: (characteristics) Post Impressionism is the retrospective label given to the work of Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and Georges Seurat, who were painting in the final years of the nineteenth century. These men never formed a definitive school of painting but now it is possible to see that they were seeking similar aims: (characteristics) (1) Celebration of visual images not for their verisimilitude to nature, but as equivalents for nature in their own right (1) Celebration of visual images not for their verisimilitude to nature, but as equivalents for nature in their own right (2) Celebration of the application of paint on to the canvas for its creative abilities (2) Celebration of the application of paint on to the canvas for its creative abilities

20. Post-Impressionist Art Mount Sainte-Victoire from the Large Pine Tree Mount Sainte-Victoire from the Large Pine Tree 1885 – 1887 1885 – 1887 Aix-en-Provence Region, France Aix-en-Provence Region, France Painting Painting Artist: Paul Cezanne Artist: Paul Cezanne Cezanne preferred landscapes and still life Cezanne preferred landscapes and still life Cezanne shows depth by working on planes rather than using linear perspective Cezanne shows depth by working on planes rather than using linear perspective

22. Post-Impressionist Art Still Life with Peppermint Bottle Still Life with Peppermint Bottle 1894 1894 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Cezanne Artist: Cezanne He often combined unrelated objects into his still life paintings He often combined unrelated objects into his still life paintings Disregard for perspective was intentional Disregard for perspective was intentional

23. Pointillism Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte 1884 – 1886 1884 – 1886 Painting Painting Paris, France Paris, France Artist: Georges Seurat Artist: Georges Seurat Pointillism - Painting with tiny dots to create a complete figure from a distance Pointillism - Painting with tiny dots to create a complete figure from a distance The closer you get the more it starts to blur and eventually become indistinguishable The closer you get the more it starts to blur and eventually become indistinguishable

25. Post-Impressionist/ Expressionist Art The Night Café The Night Café 1888 1888 Arles, France Arles, France Painting Painting Artist: Vincent van Gogh Artist: Vincent van Gogh Born in Holland, he mover first to Antwerp then to Paris and eventually to Arles Born in Holland, he mover first to Antwerp then to Paris and eventually to Arles Bright colors record van Gogh’s own personal feelings Bright colors record van Gogh’s own personal feelings

26. Post-Impressionist/ Expressionist Art Starry Night Starry Night 1889 1889 St-Remy, France St-Remy, France Painting Painting Artist: Van Gogh Artist: Van Gogh Intentional loose form not rushed and painted Intentional loose form not rushed and painted Appears spontaneous, thick strokes, blobs of color Appears spontaneous, thick strokes, blobs of color Was preplanned from sketches however Was preplanned from sketches however His most reproduced work His most reproduced work

28. Post-Impressionist/ Symbolist Art Manao Tupapau (Spirit of the Dead Watching) Manao Tupapau (Spirit of the Dead Watching) 1892 1892 Tahiti Tahiti Painting Painting Artist: Paul Gauguin Artist: Paul Gauguin Artist attempted to show fear by use of somber and sad colors Artist attempted to show fear by use of somber and sad colors Symbolism – the attempt to give concrete form to abstract ideas Symbolism – the attempt to give concrete form to abstract ideas

29. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897 Tahiti Painting Paul Gauguin Painting should be enjoyed from right to left Gauguin claimed once he finished this painting he would commit suicide (he attempted)

30. Post-Impressionist Art The Thinker The Thinker 1879 – 1889 1879 – 1889 Paris, France Paris, France Sculpture Sculpture Artist: Auguste Rodin Artist: Auguste Rodin Rodin used broken surfaces to create a similar unfinished effect that reflected light like the painting of the Impressionists Rodin used broken surfaces to create a similar unfinished effect that reflected light like the painting of the Impressionists His most famous work His most famous work Note how the feet almost grip the stone Note how the feet almost grip the stone Originally sculpted as part of a grand monument that was never built in tribute to Dante’s Inferno Originally sculpted as part of a grand monument that was never built in tribute to Dante’s Inferno

31. Post-Impressionist Art The Kiss The Kiss 1886 – 1898 1886 – 1898 Paris, France Paris, France Sculpture Sculpture Artist: Rodin Artist: Rodin Left lower part un- finished as a contrast to the softness and warmth of their bodies Left lower part un- finished as a contrast to the softness and warmth of their bodies

32. The Sleeping Gypsy 1897 Paris, France Painting Artist: Henri Rousseau New style of modern naturalism called the Naïve School Naïve Art - characterized by a childlike simplicity in its subject matter and technique

33. Turn of the Century American Art Wainwright Building Wainwright Building 1890 – 1891 1890 – 1891 St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis, Missouri Architecture Architecture Artist: Louis Sullivan Artist: Louis Sullivan It had an underlying steel skeleton and bricks were placed as the ‘skin’ It had an underlying steel skeleton and bricks were placed as the ‘skin’ ‘form follows function’ ‘form follows function’

34. Art Nouveau Staircase, Dr. Tassel’s Home Staircase, Dr. Tassel’s Home 1893 1893 Brussels, Belgium Brussels, Belgium Architecture Architecture Artist: Victor Horta Artist: Victor Horta Horta put nature into all his work Horta put nature into all his work He designed the entire home to give it a sense of unity He designed the entire home to give it a sense of unity

35. Art Nouveau Casa Mila Casa Mila 1905 – 1907 1905 – 1907 Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Spain Architecture Architecture Artist: Antoni Gaudi Artist: Antoni Gaudi A totally new style was created by Gaudi A totally new style was created by Gaudi Curved lines are everywhere Curved lines are everywhere Asymmetrical on purpose Asymmetrical on purpose Looks more like it was molded from clay then built of stone and steel Looks more like it was molded from clay then built of stone and steel Balconies appear to be mangled Balconies appear to be mangled

36. Art Nouveau Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia Started 1882 – 2010? Started 1882 – 2010? Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Spain Architecture Architecture Artist: Antoni Gaudi Artist: Antoni Gaudi Still incomplete as he died before finishing the plans Still incomplete as he died before finishing the plans Arguing for years how to finish it Arguing for years how to finish it

38. The Kiss 1907-1908 Vienna, Austria Painting Gustav Klimt Part of Art Nouveau movement Art Nouveau – called “Jugendstil” in Germany and “Stile Liberty” in Italy it is characterized by organic, especially floral and other plant-inspired motifs, as well as highly-stylized, flowing curvilinear forms

39. Fauvism Woman with a Hat Woman with a Hat 1905 1905 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Henri Matisse Artist: Henri Matisse Fauvism tended to shock the viewer Fauvism tended to shock the viewer Colors appear arbitrary, placed mish mash around the painting for no reason Colors appear arbitrary, placed mish mash around the painting for no reason It is his wife It is his wife Fauvism – French for ‘wild beasts’ it is characterized by strong use of color and anti- realism Fauvism – French for ‘wild beasts’ it is characterized by strong use of color and anti- realism

40. Fauvism Harmony in Red Harmony in Red 1908 – 1909 1908 – 1909 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Matisse Artist: Matisse Everyday scene full of patterns, lines, and harmony between the colors Everyday scene full of patterns, lines, and harmony between the colors Parts are 2 dimensional while others are 3D Parts are 2 dimensional while others are 3D

41. Cubist Art Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein 1906 1906 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Pablo Picasso Artist: Pablo Picasso Considered most important painter of the 20 th century Considered most important painter of the 20 th century Simplified forms into basic shapes Simplified forms into basic shapes Painted her face from memory – making this a cerebral not retina-based painting Painted her face from memory – making this a cerebral not retina-based painting Not truly a cubist yet Not truly a cubist yet

42. Cubist Art Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Les Demoiselles d’Avignon 1907 1907 Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Spain Painting Painting Artist: Picasso Artist: Picasso Demoiselles here means prostitutes not young ladies Demoiselles here means prostitutes not young ladies Freed from reality, Picasso worked with distorted figures and proportions in favor of shapes and angular pieces Freed from reality, Picasso worked with distorted figures and proportions in favor of shapes and angular pieces Cubism - objects are broken up, analyzed, and re- assembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints Cubism - objects are broken up, analyzed, and re- assembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints

43. Cubist Art Still Life with Chair Caning Still Life with Chair Caning 1912 1912 Paris, France Paris, France Mixed Media Mixed Media Artist: Picasso Artist: Picasso Picasso began to paste real materials onto the canvas, here he chose a rope with a piece of oilcloth with imitation chair caning on it and a fragment of newspaper Picasso began to paste real materials onto the canvas, here he chose a rope with a piece of oilcloth with imitation chair caning on it and a fragment of newspaper Jou are the 1 st 3 letters of journal (the newspaper used) but they are also the 1 st 3 letters of jouer – to play Jou are the 1 st 3 letters of journal (the newspaper used) but they are also the 1 st 3 letters of jouer – to play Method was called collage Method was called collage

44. Cubist Art The Portuguese The Portuguese 1911 1911 Paris, France Paris, France Painting Painting Artist: Georges Braque Artist: Georges Braque Depicts a guitarist playing at a café Depicts a guitarist playing at a café There is, however, no truly distinguishable figure here There is, however, no truly distinguishable figure here Forms are broken down into cubes and portrayed at different angles even Forms are broken down into cubes and portrayed at different angles even Range of color was restricted to focus on style Range of color was restricted to focus on style

45. Futurist Art Suburban Train Arriving at Paris Suburban Train Arriving at Paris 1915 1915 Italy Italy Painting Painting Artist: Gino Severino Artist: Gino Severino Depiction of speed in a sequence of multi-faceted positions; fragmented but focused Depiction of speed in a sequence of multi-faceted positions; fragmented but focused Futurists wanted to destroy art museums and anything old Futurists wanted to destroy art museums and anything old Futurism – admired speed, technology, youth and violence, the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over nature, and they were passionate nationalists Futurism – admired speed, technology, youth and violence, the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over nature, and they were passionate nationalists

46. German Expressionist Art Dancing Around the Golden Calf Dancing Around the Golden Calf 1910 1910 Dresden, Germany Dresden, Germany Painting Painting Artist: Emil Nolde Artist: Emil Nolde Influenced by Fauvism and Matisse, Nolde’s use of bright colors to convey meaning can be seen here Influenced by Fauvism and Matisse, Nolde’s use of bright colors to convey meaning can be seen here Biblical subject being shown in sexual manner was controversial Biblical subject being shown in sexual manner was controversial Colors help convey sexuality, fury and ecstasy of this piece Colors help convey sexuality, fury and ecstasy of this piece Expressionism - Its typical trait is to present the world under an utterly subjective perspective, violently distorting it to obtain an emotional effect and vividly transmit personal moods and ideas Expressionism - Its typical trait is to present the world under an utterly subjective perspective, violently distorting it to obtain an emotional effect and vividly transmit personal moods and ideas

47. The Scream 1893 Norway Painting Artist:Edvard Munch Expressionism develops throughout Europe travelling even to Scandanavia The Scream is said to represent man’s hopelessness in his struggle against nature

48. German Expressionist Art Improvisation No. 30 (Warlike Theme) Improvisation No. 30 (Warlike Theme) 1913 1913 Munich, Germany Munich, Germany Painting Painting Artist: Vassily Kandinsky Artist: Vassily Kandinsky He believed colors caused ‘vibrations in the soul’ He believed colors caused ‘vibrations in the soul’ Shows cannons firing to welcome the 2 nd coming of Christ to Moscow Shows cannons firing to welcome the 2 nd coming of Christ to Moscow

49. The end... Next lecture... Modern & Post-Modern