1. Ethical Social Work Practice: Fact or Fiction?
MSSWA Spring Conference March 25, 2013
Kathy Heltzer, MSSW,LICSW

2. What We Hope You Learn Today
A few frameworks for ethical decision-making
Apply these frameworks to real life ethical dilemmas and issues from practice
More about your own professional values and ethics
Self awareness about ethical behavior
Legal obligations
A 2 hour ethics workshop can be informative and fun

3. “Ethical Dilemma” Definition
“Choice by the social worker between two or more relevant but contradictory ethical directives; when every alternative results in an undesirable outcome for one or more persons” Dolgoff, Lowenberg and Harrington (2009).  Ethical Decisions for Social Work Practice. (8th edition) Belmont, CA:Thomson Higher Education

4. Identify Ethical Dilemmas
Using the cards provided, write down ONE ethical dilemma/issue you have observed or experienced in your own social work practice
Do not write the outcome, only the problem
Clearly describe what you think the “dilemma” is in the example you are writing about
Turn in your card

5. Introductions Find yourself a small group of 3-4 people
If you do not already know each other, introduce yourselves
In terms of ethics, what do you need from this group?

6. Activity 2
Working in your small group, make a list of unethical and unprofessional behaviors you have observed that have shocked or horrified you during the past year. Write them on the index card and then turn in the card

7. Ethical Considerations Specific to work in schools….
Confidentiality is one of the biggest and most widely recognized issues with children and schools.
Another school-specific issue with ethical implications is the multiple roles of the school social worker. Conflict arises when your multiple roles converge.
Understanding the school culture–and where it intersects with the Code of Ethics principles–is critical in making appropriate, ethical assessments and plans of action.
Confidentiality is significant simply because there are so many adults who are concerned with the child but so few who are actually a part of the privileged communication between the social worker and child client. The open, collaborative culture of schools in general inherently complicates the confidentiality issue.

8. Three Essential Guidelines
For one, when in doubt, try to remain harmonious with the culture of the school.
Second and more importantly, consult.
Third and most importantly, practice preventative ethics. Taken from: Ethics in Schools: How School Culture Impacts Social Work Practice Seth Kleinman, MSW, Education Subcommittee, NASW's Ethics Commission, FOCUS Newsletter, September 2001
A strong school with a strong sense of community may be more likely to encourage sharing of information about the children (and more likely to use information overheard); a school in a politically progressive area may be more likely to give de facto equal rights to the non-custodial gay parent; a school with numerous personnel from all disciplines may be less likely to see the school social worker as anything but a pure therapist. Understanding the school culture–and where it intersects with the Code of Ethics principles–is critical in making appropriate, ethical assessments and plans of action.

9. How Much Do We Know About Social Work Ethics?
Opportunity to use your “clicker”!

10. Social Justice-Social Workers challenge social injustice
What are the 6 core values and corresponding ethical principles of the NASW Code of Ethics?
Service-primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems
Social Justice-Social Workers challenge social injustice
Dignity and Worth of the Person-Social Workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person
Core values: Service, Social Justice, Dignity and worth of the person, Importance of human relationships, integrity, competence

11. Core Values and Principles
Importance of human relationships-social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships
Integrity-Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner
Competence-Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise

12. Ethical Standards Ethical Responsibilities to Clients
Ethical Responsibilities to Colleagues
Ethical Responsibilities in Practice Settings
Ethical Responsibilities as Professionals
Ethical Responsibilities to the Social Work Profession
Ethical Responsibilities to the Broader Society

13. GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
Elaine Congress’ ETHIC Model
Frederic Reamer’s Model
Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s Framework for Ethical Decision Making
Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s Ethical Principles Screen

14. ETHIC MODEL
Examine relevant personal, societal, agency, client professional values
Think about what ethical standards of your profession apply to the situation, as well as relevant laws, and case decisions
Hypothesize about the consequences to all of the possible solutions you can envision
Identify who will benefit and who will be harmed in view of human services’ traditional commitment to the most vulnerable people in this society
Consult with any supervisors, colleagues and other professionals who could be helpful to you in deciding what to do

15. Reamer’s Model
ID the issues, including values and duties that conflict
ID who all will likely be affected
Brainstorm all possible courses of action; risks and benefits for all involved
Thoroughly examine all reasons in favor and opposed to each course of action

16. Reamer…continued Use ethical theories, principles and guidelines
Use professional codes of ethics and legal principles
Use theory and principles of human and social services
Utilize personal, religious, political and ethnic values, especially those that might conflict with your own

17. Consult!
Consult with colleagues and appropriate experts such as ethics scholars, lawyers and agency personnel
Make the decision and document the decision-making process
Monitor, evaluate and document the decision

18. General Decision-Making Model
Identify the problem and the persons,institutions,clients,professionals, support systems, victims and others that are involved in the problem
Determine who should be involved in decision-making
Identify the values held by those identified in step 1, including client and worker
4. Identify the goals and objectives whose attainment you believe may resolve (or reduce) the problem

19. Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s General Decision Making Model
5. Identify alternative intervention strategies and targets, and assess the effectiveness and efficacy of each alternative in terms of identified goals
Select and implement the most appropriate strategy
Monitor the implementation, paying particular attention to unanticipated consequences; evaluate results and identify additional problems, opportunities and options

20. . Lowenberg & Dolgoff’s Ethical Rules Screen
Examine the Code of Ethics to determine if any of the Code rules are applicable. These rules take precedence over the worker’s personal value system. If one or more Code rules apply, follow these. If the Code does not address itself to the specific problem, or if several Code rules provide conflicting guidance, use the Ethical Principles Screen. From Loewenberg, F.M. & Dolgoff, R. (2000). Ethical Decisions for Social Work Practice (6th ed.).Itasca, Il.: FE Peacock.

21. Ethical Rules Screen

22. Ethical Principles Screen

23. Another Great Interactive Clicker Opportunity
This is a “self assessment” activity….no really “right” or “wrong” answers..ok, maybe “better” or “worse” options

24. Is it Ethical?
Using the examples you all provided at the beginning of this session, work in small groups to come up with the best course of action for the problem on your index card
Apply one or more of the frameworks presented to help you decide what to do
Refer to the NASW Code of Ethics

25. Reporting Back Each group reads what their ethical issue was
Describe how you decided what to do and what tools you used

26. Is it Ethical? Part 2
Some ethical dilemmas are now provided by the Presenter for you to discuss and come to a decision about course of action with your small group
Again, apply one or more of the frameworks presented to help you decide what to do and also consult the NASW Code of Ethics

27. Surprise! No “reporting back”
Leave you with a song…..
Post-test for those who are required to complete it
Good-bye to the rest of you!