1. Egypt and North Africa

2. Egypt’s Land
3 main land areas: Nile River Valley, Sinai Peninsula, and the desert
Lifeline of Egypt is the Nile River
Silt left behind after flooding that made land good for farming
Sinai Peninsula is a crossroad between Africa and Southwest Asia
Suez Canal, opened to help trade, links Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea

3. Egypt’s Land
Desert are the Eastern and Libyan Deserts which are part of the Sahara
Oasis- fertile or green area in a desert
Dry desert climate is found here
Very little rainfall, instead spring brings hot winds, not cooling rain

4. Egypt’s Economy Economy based on farming
Raw cotton, cotton yarn, and clothing are main exports
Aswan High Dam controls flooding of the Nile for farming and provides electricity
Disadvantages of the dam: block silt so they use fertilizers that pollute the water and freshwater doesn’t reach the delta, but saltwater from Med. Sea does, making the land less fertile

5. Egypt’s Economy
Industry produces food products, textiles, and consumer goods
Tourism an important industry
Main energy source is oil
Country has phosphate- mineral salt used in fertilizers

6. Egypt’s History
Came under British control during building of the Suez Canal
Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew monarchy and created a republic
Population 72.1 million
Cairo- capital and largest city in terms of population in Africa
Fellahin- Egyptian peasant farmer

7. Egypt’s History Bazaar- marketplace
Many city dwellers work in service industry- provide services to people rather than produce goods
Religion- Islam
First Muslim nation to sign peace treaty with Israel

8. Libya 90% of land is covered by the Sahara Desert
Lacks freshwater so government built pipelines to carry water from aquifers underneath the desert. An aquifer is an underground rock layer that store water.
Discovery of oil in 1959 brought country great wealth.

9. Libya
5.5 million people are mixed Arab and Berber. Berber first known people to live in North Africa.
Most people live in coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea.
Libya is a Muslim nation.
Tripoli is the capital
In 1969, Muammar al-Kaddafi led a military coup that ended Libya’s monarchy and set up the Libyan Arab Republic.(Kaddafi was overthrown and assassinated in 2011)

10. Libya
In 1977, Libya changed its name to the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.(Jamahiriya means “state of the masses”) This is a form of a democratic government because the people that serve in the Jamahiriya are elected by the people.

11. Tunisia
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up region known as the Maghreb (land farthest west)
Tunisia is Africa’s smallest country
Farming takes place in coastal areas
Factories produce food products, textiles, and oil products
Tourism is a growing industry

12. Tunisia
Carthage was a powerful trading empire that fought against the Roman empire for control of the Mediterranean.
Tunisia was a colony of France
Tunisia is a Muslim nation
9.9 million people are of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry
Tunis is the capital

13. Algeria The largest country in North Africa
Atlas Mountains run through northern Algeria
Ergs- huge, shifting sand dunes
Imports one-third of its food
Oil is an important resource
Algeria has trouble with widespread poverty

14. Algeria 31.7 million people of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry
Algeria was a French colony
Fought a fierce civil war to gain independence in 1954
Algeria is a republic
Algeria is a Muslim nation

15. Algeria
Muslims have fought civil wars to oppose secular (nonreligious) policies
Algiers is the capital
People enjoy casbahs, older sections of the city of Algiers

16. Morocco Borders both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
Strait of Gibraltar separates Africa and Europe by only 8 miles
Farming takes place on coastal plains
Morocco is a leading producer of phosphate
Tourism is a growing industry

17. Morocco Morocco was a colony of both Spain and France
Berbers were the first to settle in Morocco
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy
Morocco has claimed an area called the Western Sahara
Have fought a war for control over this area with a rebel group that wants to create an independent country

18. Morocco
United Nations has not settled anything over the Western Sahara region
Morocco is a Muslim nation
Population is 30.7 million
Rabat is the capital
Moors are an ethnic group of Arab/Berber descent
Souks are marketplaces in Morocco