1. Chapter 25

2. Egypt  Nile River World’s longest Central Africa Flows North 4,187 miles  Branches into two rivers Area between is Nile Delta

3. Egypt’s Farmers  Called fellaheen  Farm without modern machinery!  Rely on human labor  99% live in Nile delta or valley (3% of land)  Cities: Cairo and Alexandria

4. Desert  Sahara  Sinai Peninsula  Suez Canal  Winds turn sky orange with sand  Oasis: farmed land in the desert  Phosphates for fertilizer and oil

5. Ancient Egypt  Pyramids of Giza  Tombs for pharaohs  Mummification  Ruled by Greeks, Romans, Arabs 80% Muslim today

6. Suez Canal  Fight for control  1956: Egypt seized canal  International crisis  Israel, Britain, France invaded  U.S. and Soviets supported UN cease fire  Britain withdrew in 1957- 1 st time Egypt ruled by Egyptians!  Egypt and Israel fought- peace in 1979

7. Aswan High Dam  Nile would flood every year  Project to store floodwater in reservoir: Lake Nasser  Water used to irrigate year round  Hydroelectricity  Completed in 1970

8. Urbanization  Population increases 1 million/year in Cairo!

9. Libya and Maghreb  Maghreb is “land farthest west”  Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Libya  Islamic

10. Landscape  Mediterranean coast  Saharan interior  Travel difficult

11. Rural vs. Urban Rural  When temps are hottest, people rest  Desert nomads: tuaregs, bedouins Recently moving to villages Urban  Medinas  Skyscrapers, stores, corporate offices

12. Libya  Oil – 99% of exports  Supports terrorists  Wars with neighbors  U.S. war in 1980’s  UN sanctions

13. Tunisia and Morocco  No oil  12% of all money spent on education Free through college  Only 9 miles from Spain!  Chunnel proposed

14. Sahara  Desertification: desert expanding  World’s largest  Pop: 4 million  11 countries  Hottest: 136 degrees!  Freezes at night  Sand over ¼, rest is rocky