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By: Keona Campbell, Jerenée Charles, Sarah Stokes
Narcotics By: Keona Campbell, Jerenée Charles, Sarah Stokes
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Narcotics Opium Opium derivatives Methods of use: Oral Oxycodone
The term narcotic originated from the Greek word for stupor. It initially referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain Opium Opium derivatives Oxycodone Morphine Methadone Codeine Meperidine Percocet Darvocet Methods of use: Oral Smoked Snorted Injected Subcutaneous Intravenous
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Opium Opium is extracted from poppy seeds and used to produce heroin.
Today it is sold as a powder or dark brown solid mass and is smoked, eaten, or injected. Mainly grown in Burma and Afghanistan. Slang names: Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, black hash, black pill, black russian Withdrawal Symptoms When first used, opium can give users a feeling of euphoria, extreme calm, or well being. Their troubles may seem unimportant and nothing else really matters, except for the fact that the drug works. But often nightmares and hallucinations may come into play when the affects of the drug wears off. At that point, individuals with an opium addiction will often need more of the opium to satisfy their need for more. Nausea Sweating Cramps Vomiting Diarrhea Loss of appetite Muscle spasms Depression Anxiety Mood swings Insomnia A field of opium poppies in Burma
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Effects of Opium Physical effects include: Malnutrition
Respiratory complications Low blood pressure Mental effects include: Euphoria A sense of emotional detachment Memory loss
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Opium in Early China By the 1830's, the English had become the most major drug-trafficking criminal organization in the world Growing opium in India, the East India Company shipped tons of opium into Canton, which it traded for Chinese manufactured goods and for tea. This trade had produced a country filled with drug addicts, as opium parlors flourished all throughout China in the early part of the nineteenth century. The effects on Chinese society were devastating. In an effort to stem the tragedy, the imperial government made opium illegal in 1836 and began to aggressively close down the opium dens.
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OxyContin Facts and Statistics
Oxycodone Used to create the brand name prescription painkiller called OxyContin that comes in liquid forms and tablets Slang names: Oxies, cotton, Oxycontin, Killers, OC, Oxy, OxyCotton, Oxy80 Withdrawal symptoms hot/cold sweats heart palpitations joints and muscles in constant pain vomiting nausea uncontrollable coughing diarrhea insomnia watery eyes excessive yawning depression OxyContin Facts and Statistics The supply of OxyContin is soaring. Sales of OxyContin, first marketed in 1996, hit $1.2 billion in 2003. The FDA reports that OxyContin may have played a role in 464 deaths across the U.S. in 2000 to 2001.
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Effects on Oxycodone Physical effects include: Mental effects include:
Euphoria Sweating Vomiting Coughing and sniffling Twitching Loss of appetite Sluggish Trouble breathing Mental effects include: Restlessness Insomnia Dizziness Drowsiness
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Morphine One of the most popular narcotic analgesics.
First made from opium in 1805 by a German pharmacist, Wilhelm Sertürner In the past, it was described as the Principium Somniferum He named it morphium - after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Morphine can be taken orally in tablet form, and can also injected. Slang names: Miss Emma, Morf, “M” Withdrawal symptoms Nausea Diarrhea Abdominal cramps Tearing Yawning Chills Sweating, lasting up to three days
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Effects of Morphine Cold clammy skin Lowered blood pressure Sleepiness
Physical effects include: Cold clammy skin Lowered blood pressure Sleepiness Coma Slowed breathing Difficulty breathing Slow pulse rate Bluish colored fingernails and lips Nausea Vomiting Constipation Drowsiness Mental effects include: Reduced levels of consciousness Decreased ability to think Reduced ability to be fully aware of present surroundings Memory loss Drowsiness
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Methadone What is it? Methadone is a chemical substance that has a morphine like action in the body. It is used medically as a pain reliever, and a maintenance anti-addictive for use in patients on opioid.
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Slang Names: Amidone Burdock Dollies Jungle juice Junk
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Short-term Restlessness Vomiting Nausea Slowed breathing Itchy skin
Pupil contraction Severe sweating Constipation Sexual Dysfunction Death
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Long-term: Lung and respiration problems Effects on women:
Menstrual cycle changes or lapse in cycles Pregnancy complications if users reduce dosage levels during pregnancy
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Facts: used by and associated with the treatment of heroin addicts it is also used for other medical purposes such as pain relief. first produced in the 1930's as a team of German scientists was searching for a pain-killing drug Methadone is dispensed primarily in oral forms
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Codeine Relief of moderate pain and cough suppression Slang names:
Empirin compound with codeine Tylenol with codeine Codeine in cough medicine
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Effects of codeine Side effects of codeine include: • dry mouth
• itching • drowsiness • constipation • nausea and vomiting • orthostatic hypotension • urinary retention
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Facts: Codeine falls into the category of opiates and is turned into morphine by the body in order to be utilized properly Codeine is derived from the opium poppy and is related to morphine and heroin. Codeine is a well known prescription drug that is commonly known as Tylenol 3 in North America
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Meperidine Meperidine is used to relieve moderate to severe pain
Slang names: Pethidine Demerol Mepergan
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Facts: Meperidine is available in tablets, syrups, and injectable forms under generic and brand name (Demerol®, Mepergan®, etc.) White crystalline substance The oral solution is a pleasant-tasting, nonalcoholic, banana-flavored solution containing 50 mg of DEMEROL
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Percocet
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Percocet Percocet is a mix of aspirin and oxycodone.
It works by binding to the pain receptors in the brain so that the sensation of discomfort is reduced. It is highly addictive Percocet was first developed in the early 1950’s and at one point in time was one of the most popularly prescribed pain killers in history.
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Basic Facts Slang names: perc, percs
It is commonly used, recreationally, for its euphoric effect Forms of Intake Orally (pill form) Chewed Crushed (then snorted) Can be found in: Roxicet Endocet Magnacet Narvox Tylox
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Side Effects The most dangerous is sedation.
Drowsiness Dizziness Blurred vision Accidental injury Lightheadedness Sedation Nausea Vomiting Euphoria Constipation Drug dependence Tolerance Impairment of mental and/or physical abilities The most dangerous is sedation. It slows down the respiratory rate, which can lead to respiratory depression. If an individual who is taking the drug is not careful, he/she can stop breathing completely.
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Common Overdose Symptoms
Respiratory depression Stupor Coma Skeletal muscle flaccidity Cold and clammy skin Hypertension Circulatory collapse Cardiac arrest
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Withdrawal Symptoms Flu-like sensations Gastrointestinal distress
Anxiety Nausea Insomnia Pain Fevers Sweating Runny nose and eyes
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Statistics Percocet addiction is known to affect women more than men
It is often ingested for non-medical uses mostly by the age groups of and
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Darvocet
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Basic Facts Slang names: pinks, footballs, pink footballs, yellow footballs, 65’s, and N’s. Forms of Intake Orally Chewed Crushed (then snorted) Crushed (then dissolved in water and injected)
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Darvocet Darvocet is a synthetic narcotic, structurally related to methadone. It is usually prescribed in one of two forms: Propoxyphene hydrochloride Propoxyphene napsylate Can be found in: Balacet, Darvocet A500, Darvocet-N 100, Darvocet-N 50, Propacet 100 Usually prescribed for the control of mild to moderate pain
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Side Effects Showing relief from anxiety
Changes in mood—from a sense of well-being to belligerence False feelings of self-confidence Increased sensitivity to sights and sounds, including hallucinations Altered activity levels—such as sleeping for 12 to 14 hours or frenzied activity lasting for hours Unpleasant or painful symptoms when Darvocet is withdrawn Preoccupation with running out Darvocet
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Long Term Abuse Darvocet abuse, over a period of time, makes the person incapable of distinguishing right from wrong, disables good judgment, and takes away control of the situation. Long-term Darvocet abuse slowly relocates natural reinforcers, making the individual incapable of deriving a sense of well being from the normal daily pleasures of family, friends, food, etc.
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Common Overdose Symptoms
Extreme drowsiness Pinpoint pupils Nausea Vomiting Dark urine Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) Confusion Fainting Weak pulse Seizure (convulsions) Coma Blue lips Shallow breathing An overdose of Darvocet can be fatal.
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Withdrawal Symptoms Some of the symptoms are: Restlessness Sweating
Shakiness Restless leg syndrome Paranoia Weight loss Forgetfulness “Skin-crawling” feeling The best way to withdraw from Darvocet or any drug is in the care of a physician or treatment center.
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Narcotics Medical Usage vs. Drug Usage
Treat pain Suppress cough Alleviate diarrhea Induce anesthesia Drug Usage: A way to escape facing life Calms feelings Drowsiness Tranquilization Induces sleep Feeling of well-being Pain relief (analgesia) Temporary euphoria (a "high“)
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Average daily consumption of daily doses of morphine per million inhabitants ( ) countries of Asia
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Average daily consumption of daily doses of morphine per million inhabitants
( ) In Central and Eastern Europe/Commonwealth of Independent States
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Legal Statistics The vast majority of states adopted the Uniform Narcotics Drug Act, which was first approved in 1930 That act and other state laws limited the production of marijuana and generally prohibited more dangerous drugs, including cocaine and heroin. In 1970, the same year that Congress approved the federal Controlled Substances Act, the Commissioners approved the Uniform Controlled Substances Act. This uniform law was eventually approved by 46 states.
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