1. COMPUTER AND RELATED SERVICES IN THE CARICOM SINGLE MARKET AND ECONOMY (CSME) Regional Symposium 15 -18 July, 2009 Dr. Camella Rhone

2. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Concept Paper 1. Defining Computer and Related Services 2. Digital divide issues 3. The Global Vision 4.The Region 5. Plan of Action

3. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Defining Computer and Related Services Computer Services News Agency Services Other information Provision Services, Telecommunications Services Postal & Courier Services Information & Communications Services Computer & Information Services Sector The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (MSITS)

4. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Computer services News Agency Services Information provision Services Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment, Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer facilities management Database services, Database conception, storage and dissemination, online and through magnetic, optical and printed media, Web search portals Provision of news, Photographs and feature articles to media Computer & Information Services Components

5. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Communications Services Components Postal and Courier Services Telecommunications Services Miscellaneous local delivery, Postal services related to delivery of letters, parcels, Post office counter, Other postal, Courier Wired, wireless, satellite and online access services, including voice, telex, telegraph, e-mail, EDI, audiovisual services

6. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Concept Paper 1. Defining Computer and Related Services 2. Digital divide issues 3. The Global Vision 4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage 5. Plan of Action

7. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Digital Divide Issues … Access to information & communication technologies as a fundamental human right; … The skewed level of access to information, via internet technology, and to activities based around the creation, processing & dissemination of information … Technological ubiquity (reducing the adoption lag time)

8. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Digital Divide measures… Access (relevant/ up-to-date):  Computing technology, including mobile devices  Internet  “Always on” communications,  New ubiquitous technologies  Networked and interconnected devices (e.g. fridge, television, vehicle, garage door, etc…)  Trained and certified human resource

9. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Digital Divide measures… Use/Value Added/Reach of the Application  Relevance of content & information  Information provided on demand  Convergence, future scalability of broadband Internet and ubiquitous networks with current mobile services  Quality of communication & monitoring capabilities  Quality and focus of training  Impact of ubiquity of information & communications  Public policy issues – eg. consumer protection & social inclusion.

10. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Global Digital Divide Issues… The Millennium Development Goals - A partnership between developed countries and developing countries "to create an environment (at national and global levels), which is conducive to development and the elimination of poverty"…. 2005 World Summit Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly - A/RES/60/1 http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/60/1

11. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Global Digital Divide Issues… Millennium Declaration Targets Goal 8 : Establish a Partner for Global Development Target 8.F : In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications Indicators : 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 8.16 Internet users per 100 population Signed by 189 countries, including 147 heads of State and Government, in September 2000

12. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Concept Paper… 1. Defining Computer and Related Services 2. Digital divide issues 3. The Global Vision 4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage 5. Plan of Action

13. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone GLOBAL ISSUES … COMPUTER SERVICES NEWS AGENCY SERVICES INFORMATION PROVISION SERVICES POSTAL AND COURIER SERVICES TELECOM’ SERVICES Information Services Communication Services Indicators : Telephone lines per 100 population Cellular subscribers per 100 population Internet users per 100 population Internet Users – 500 million/ 80 % in developed World Internet Access – One (1) in every 50 people in developed world compared with two (2) out of every five (5) in the developed world

14. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone GLOBAL ISSUES … COMPUTER SERVICES NEWS AGENCY SERVICES INFORMATION PROVISION SERVICES POSTAL AND COURIER SERVICES TELECOM’ SERVICES Information Services Communication Services Indicators : Telephone lines per 100 population Cellular subscribers per 100 population, Internet users per 100 population Internet use is dependent on: Policy Strategies that promote accessibility Awareness Computers Computer literacy Software and technology (including other devices & broadband capability) that support rapid data transfer and empowering experiences

15. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone GLOBAL ISSUES … COMPUTER SERVICES NEWS AGENCY SERVICES INFORMATION PROVISION SERVICES POSTAL AND COURIER SERVICES TELECOM’ SERVICES Information Services Communication Services Indicators : Telephone lines per 100 population Cellular subscribers per 100 population; Internet users per 100 population Low penetration in Region related to: Cost of computers Broadband access ICT Strategies to counter this result in higher percent Internet Users : Caribbean Average - 13% Jamaica - 40 % Barbados - 55% United States - 80%

16. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Online Gaming – 22% Growth One out of every two US internet users visits online game sites Computer services: Applications

17. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Multimedia Computer services: Applications

18. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone SOCIAL NETWORKING Computer services: Applications

19. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone MARKETING RELATED Computer services: Applications

20. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone INTERACTIVE MARKETING Computer services: Applications

21. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone MOBILE PHONE WEBSITES Computer services: Applications

22. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone OUTSOURCING Demand for IT Outsourcing expected to decline by 1.7 percent according to Gartner Challenges to develop new markets to target find new ways to make it more cost competitive ( e.g. by relocating with China now rivalling India) Computer services:

23. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Computer services Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment, Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer facilities management Caribbean Focus:  ICT strategies in place or in development  A cross-cutting issue –used generally to support management, services, facilitate development and manage multifaceted databases  Used strategically in some sectors with intent to maximise reach and create efficiencies; eg Education, tourism,

24. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Computer services Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment, Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer facilities management Targeted Caribbean Focus….  Training at professional level to support industry and lifelong learning  Training at post secondary/ tertiary levels to provide personnel to service sectors  Training at secondary school level to assure basic computer literacy  Computer labs in some primary schools

25. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Computer services Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment, Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer facilities management Targeted Caribbean Focus…. Some Regional Institutions making a difference  University of the West Indies  CARIMAC  Caribbean Knowledge and Learning Network (CKLN)  Caribbean Meteorological Organization (CMO)  Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency  CARICOM Centre for Development Administration (CARICAD)

26. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone New Agency Services Provision of news, Photographs and feature articles to media, Basic human right - freedom of expression Caribbean News Agency (CANA) Caribbean Media Association (CMA) Caribbean Mass Communications Centre (CARIMAC/UWI) CPTC (Training in media practices)  Advance mutual knowledge and understanding through all means of mass communication  Promote free flow of ideas by word and image.  Promote media development, pluralism, original content, freedom of and access to information

27. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone New Agency Services Provision of news, Photographs and feature articles to media, Multimedia databases for development Content - low cost radio by local people in local languages; community telecentre facilities (computers with Internet, e-mail, phone, fax), to inform, educate, entertain Community empowerment - gives a strong public voice to the voiceless, and thus encouraging greater accountability in public affairs Open learning - can meet development needs in education and training, health and income-generation

28. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services Database services, Database conception, storage and dissemination, online ….. ‘…There are known knowns. There are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we now know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we do not know we don’t know…’ — Donald Rumsfeld, Pentagon Briefing, February 12, 2002

29. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services Database services, Database conception, storage and dissemination, online ….. Distribution Platforms Become More Significant – Caribbean niche content distributed via Web Search Portals that use their own unique search index to deliver the most authentic results (for queries related to exclusive Caribbean content (business, entertainment, news, training, etc)) Growth dependent on sustained - Resources, - Creativity and innovation, - Trust,

30. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services Software Publishers : This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing and reproduction. (Producing and distributing computer software, designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and providing support services to software purchasers.) Computer Systems Design and Related Services : Providing expertise in the field of information technologies through (1)writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the needs of a particular customer; (2)planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies; (3)on-site management and operation of clients’ computer systems and/or data processing facilities; (4)other professional and technical computer-related advice and services.

31. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services …. Information Services and Data Processing Services : Establishments providing information, storing information, providing access to information, and processing information (news syndicates, libraries, archives, on-line information service providers, and data processors) Internet Publishing and Broadcasting : Internet Publishing and Broadcasting - publish and/or broadcast content exclusively for the Internet,. including text, audio, video, and interactive features present in informational or cultural products on the Internet (excludes Publishing Industries (except Internet) and Broadcasting except Internet)..

32. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services …. Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals, and Data Processing Services: This sub-sector group provides access to the Internet; search facilities for the Internet; data processing, hosting, and related services Other Information Services : Industries in the Other Information Services sub-sector group establishments supplying information, storing information, providing access to information, and searching and retrieving information. The main components of this sub-sector are news syndicates, libraries, and archives

33. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services NETWORKING APPLICATIONS ‘…By the end of 2011, 80 percent of active Internet users (and Fortune 500 enterprises) will have a “second life,” but not necessarily in Second Life: First Law: The initial reaction….is to dismiss Second Life concepts as of no benefit and something to be banned for wasting resources and time. Second Law : Behind every avatar is a real person. Third Law : Be relevant and add value. Fourth Law : Understand and contain the downside Fifth Law : This is a long haul’…’ (They add: “… Find enthusiasts within your enterprise and support them. Understand the implications for access to open virtual platforms from within the enterprise and the risks involved…,”) Gartner, Inc., 2007

34. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services NETWORKING APPLICATIONS – e.g., Second Life (2007) …McMaster University Libraries launched Second Life and appointed a Digital Projects/ Web Librarian to develop immersive learning/gaming environments, and to offer research help at its virtual site on Second Life, the increasingly popular 3-D virtual world created by its nearly six million residents… The real space is computers that link to - The Library's catalogue Databases, The Mills Learning Commons site, Individual pages for the various campus libraries, An interactive learning site. A Help Desk with an online avatar, or "virtually" (through IM or e-mail), A space for virtual meetings.

35. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services NETWORKING APPLICATIONS – VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES Immersive Learning explores, creates, through a virtual world Virtual Technologies offer solutions in 3D Architectural Visualization, Video Production, Web, Multimedia and Software Development, (eg. virtual reality medical simulators combine sight, sound, and touch for highly effective training in minimally invasive procedures)

36. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Information provision Services GLOBAL SOCIAL NETWORKING APPLICATIONS Social Networks need revenue streams. Google supports My Space through advertising (Estimated $300 million in 2007). MySpace – Worldwide monthly page views were 38 billion in April ’09, down 20% from 47.4 billion in April 08. (In June 09, 32.4 billion page views in U.S., decreasing half percent a week) Facebook – Worldwide views grew from 44 billion in April 2008 to April 87 billion in April 2009, a roughly 100% increase. There were 21.3 billion page views in June, a 12 percent increase from May Twitter –Latest networking application is growing in use.

37. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Postal and Courier Services Miscellaneous local delivery, Postal services related to delivery of letters, parcels, Post office counter, Other postal, Courier Privatization of Postal mail services Courier services growing Postal services Impacted by Electronic mail Text messaging, Twittering, etc Impact Issues

38. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Telecommunications Services Wired, wireless, satellite and online access services, including voice, telex, telegraph, e-mail, vice, EDI, audiovisual services Impact Issues… Country’s Technological readiness (is measured by eight indicators, four of which are directly related to the country’s networked readiness)  Laws related to ICT  Mobile telephone subscribers,  Internet users; personal computers and broadband internet subscribers;  Research and development and the diffusion of technology (including Information technology) into productive value added,  The availability of latest technology,  Firm level technological absorption;  FDI and technology transfer

39. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Global Knowledge Economy --- Multi-functionality – The sector can serve a broad range of goals and interest groups. Collective intelligence – Multiple sources of information, collective intelligence support innovation and change Interconnected networks of multiple interest groups, support faster transmission of ideas, contribute to the increasing pace of change Policy should support this process with the expectation that it will create new products and services that satisfy social and economic goals.

40. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Global Knowledge Economy --- Rapid emergence of new platform technologies presents new social and economic opportunities. Interconnectedness Local production and livelihoods connected to/ impacted by global preferences and trade standards through international value chains. Knowledge & use-related capacities as a new source of comparative advantage The access to knowledge for innovation is a new source of comparative advantage and competitiveness for developing countries. Increasing rate and non-linearity of change

41. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Global Knowledge Economy (Examples) Optical Chip Detects Blood Molecules A portable ‘lab on a chip’ can identify target molecules in blood samples (European researchers.) Being used to detect the genes associated with certain types of cancer. Automated, secure document exchange A security platform which turns email into the electronic equivalent of registered mail by providing automated, secure document exchange, and a legally recognised acknowledgement of receipt, electronic certificates and signatures, secure encryption of information, as well as traceability, time-stamping and archiving of electronic documents - (French-developed) Virtual reality (European researchers and industrialists) Predictive powers- a robot that reads your intentions European researchers in robotics, psychology and cognitive sciences have developed a robot that can predict the intentions (anticipate (or question) actions) of its human partner. ability to could make human-robot interactions more natural.

42. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Global Knowledge Economy (Examples)… A quantum computer Solving some fundamental obstacles blocking real quantum computing applications in the short term. (European researchers) Eye tracking software for persons with disabilities Technology that allows gamers to control game functions with only their eyes is helping to open virtual worlds to people with severe motor disabilities. Beating the bullies: Changing the real word through virtual experience Social problems like bullying and stereotyping involve thoughts, feelings and reactions that resist change. New research shows that when students play active roles in virtual dramas their attitudes and behaviour can change.

43. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Regional Knowledge Economy Regional research, analysis and consultation (WINDS-LA /CARIMAC UWI) identified 10 issues of common interest for future cooperation in ICT research:  ICT for social inclusion, accessibility, connectivity  ICT for environment and biodiversity  ICT solutions for sustainable use of natural resources and for better management of ecosystems  ICT and energy (optimising energy consumption & reducing waste)  e Health (personalised care solutions, patient safety, medical/health imaging and mobility support, health systems management improvement)  Digital libraries and learning networks (with specific attention to local cultural specifications and to linguistic diversity);  Learning networks at different levels (school, universities, informal and non conventional learning) to embed lifelong learning strategy)

44. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Regional Knowledge Economy --- Security and prevention systems, self defending networks: (strengthen security and dependability of key infrastructures (energy production sites, transmission systems, storage / distribution, ICT networks, banking / finance, healthcare)) Grid computing, massive data processing, e-science Software engineering (focus on web services Infrastructures, particularly on on-demand software, open source applications) Mobile/ubiquitous computing: ( interoperability, flexibility of mobile and broadband technologies, ubiquitous access, context awareness; traffic processing between core and edge networks) e Government & services to citizen: ( ICT applications to enhance interaction and transparency between citizens and government)

45. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Concept Paper… 1. Defining Computer and Related Services 2. Digital divide issues 3. The Global Vision 4.The Region 5. Plan of Action

46. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region’s Comparative Advantage SERVICES PROVIDERS/ ORGANISATI ONS GOVERNM ENT REGIONAL ORGANISATI ONS POLICY LEGAL OPERATIONAL

47. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region The CARICOM Connectivity Agenda and Platform for Action - provides a conceptual framework and general guidelines for member states to implement ICT projects National ICT strategies – to transform economies into knowledge based societies, using ICT as foundation of education Policies aim to use ICT  To improve administrative processes,  In government – e-government;  To address the legal and regulatory frameworks  Provide universal affordable access to ICT services  Encourage electronic commerce,  Support growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the application of ICTs..

48. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region …. National ICT Policies : Have a sector focus – eg.  Internet marketing, gaming, software development Provide financial & social incentives to achieve objectives. Aim to -  Establish Regional Centres of Information Technology Excellence  Facilitate e-commerce.  Apply legislative measures eg for Computer Misuse, Data Protection, Electronic Communications and Transactions.

49. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region … The model is as recommended for the 1980’s environment. ICT strategies hold governments responsible for –  Promote universal internet access at affordable rates;  Universal service support for free Internet access to sectors – education, including public libraries, public hospitals, clinics, senior citizens’ homes and orphanages.  Protect intellectual property rights; security,  Have interoperability and interconnection of information systems;  Secure privacy rights, and  Develop technologically competent human resources.

50. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region … The New Digital Economy –  Supports and leverages convergence  Empowers through new and networked digital tecnologies.  Shifts the balance of power from service providers and public sector  Places power in the hands of the consumers and those who would use the technologies E.g., Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualised resources are provided as a service over the internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.

51. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Region’s … In Cloud computing (Infrastructure in a Cloud), IT- related capabilities are provided 'as a service' to external customers using Internet technologies. It generally incorporates combinations of the following: Infrastructure as a service The Platform as a service The software as a service (Common business applications are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers). It is a way of using technology to achieve economies of scale and offer self-service resources that are available on demand.

52. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Concept Paper… 1. Defining Computer and Related Services 2. Digital divide issues 3. The Global Vision 4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage 5. Plan of Action

53. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS Expand opportunities for partners to understanding global e-service issues Assist member economies to take an active interest in the WTO services negotiations; Take specific actions that can support the participation of economies in the WTO process. Workshop/ session with interest groups. Reporting on contributions made to the GATS process; WTO GATS commitments and progress against commitments; and progress toward elements of a fully liberalized sector, and strategic objectives. POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

54. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan… OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS  Establish a CARICOM e-Learning Alliance Leverage public- private partnerships;  Establish public- private think tanks and advisory boards to provide policy guidance to governments on how to implement e- learning strategies at local and regional levels;  Identify and benchmark existing regional and country programs to facilitate an e-Learning Alliance & ICT networks in CARICOM, to narrowing the digital divide among the regions economies by sharing information and knowledge on education in the region.  Invite business/ private sector experts to participate in IT-related work programs  Implement projects to facilitate sharing of expertise in the use of technology in education  Create IT Web Portal to link with international portals, for access to information & benchmark current strategies on ICT POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE..

55. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan…. OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS Develop flexible and competitive pricing policies & alternative rate structures, Support open standards and protocols to allow greater Internet accessibility for the purpose of e-learning;  Promote affordable access to technology by lowering tariffs on the high tech goods that are critical for building the networks to deliver digital content and pass savings on to user  Adopt uniform CARICOM principles for international internet charging and arrangements for internet services.  Improve internet traffic measurement and charging arrangement models and encourage the adoption of commercially based and equitable arrangements for Internet connectivity, that reflect among other issues, traffic flows, costs and benefits. POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

56. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Making the strategic leap OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS   Support open standards and protocols and invest in infrastructure to allow greater Internet access especially for the purpose of e-learning;  Lower tariffs on the high tech goods that are critical for building the networks over which digital content is produced and delivered; savings passed on to user  community;  Establish and implement an open regime for services delivered over the Internet for continued open access to the broader digital  Involve the Intellectual property departments to assure intellectual property protection for digital content  Share open software and promote use to establish network of users.   Provide training POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

57. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan… OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS Articulate a regional vision and implementation a comprehensive framework for e- government initiatives, to reduce duplication, and supported by legal and institutional changes. Build on existing infrastructure. Provide guidance on: e-government applications; critical issues; implementation principles of e- government. Establish “paperless trading goals” to reduce or eliminate the need for paper -based documents in cross- border trade by 2012. The Ministers with responsibility for Telecom’ and Information to monitor activities in e-government, indicate the status, agree on a three year work plan; implement a process for measuring level of achievement. POLICY ISSUE: EXPAND E-GOVERNMENT BY PUTTING MORE INFORMATION AND SERVICES ONLINE

58. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan… OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS Support public-private sector collaboration to address and remove inhibitors to rapid growth in e-commerce as identified in assessments, and chart progress using international benchmarks and metrics. Establish a Regional Electronic Commerce Steering Group as an e- Business Alliance Work with financial institutions for acceptance of e- signatures; sharing of information, etc. POLICY ISSUE: REMOVE INHIBITORS TO e-COMMERCE READINESS

59. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone The Plan… OBJECTIVEPROCESSACTIONS Establish a network of regional IT Business incubators, to assist small start-up companies and entrepreneurs to develop and commercialize their IT products and services, and to sharing best practices in assisting growth-oriented ‘technology SMEs.”. Determine e-business preparedness of the regions SMEs using international benchmarks and on-line diagnostic tools. Design and deliver on-line training for small business in similar process. Establish technology centers of various kinds as a critical mechanism for technological innovation Seek project funding to support the creation of a favorable environment for SME business cooperation and commercialization of innovative technologies in the Community. Benchmark for guidance. Support SMEs n implementing Standards-Based Management Systems for enhanced competitiveness. POLICY ISSUE: PROMOTE ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

60. Computer and Related Services/ CRhone Other.. ISSUEPROCESSACTIONS LEGISLATIVE/ POLICY HUMAN RESOURCES TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS CROSS SECTORAL LINKAGES Review and modernise Revise training focus on basis of forecasts and global trends Establish a Chair at an appropriate Technological/Research institute to provide continuing guidance on training as based on new technology directions Establish partnerships and maintain dynamic networks with partners to drive creative innovation Benchmark modern model laws/ policies; Use to amend existing legislation Approve a list of skills and training needs to encompass short, medium and long term training Develop the training modules for certified professionals in the relevant areas. Identify funding to establish Chair

61. Dr. Camella Rhone camellarhone@gmail.com