1. Flipping Your Online Discussions: Synchronous & Asynchronous Methods Carly Papenberg, M.A. Senior Associate Director, Instructional Design Fox School of Business

2. How do you generate discussion in class (online or face-to-face)?

3. Have you used discussion boards? How?

4. Agenda: Identify current uses of discussion and the discussion board Discuss questioning strategies Examine best practices for discussion and discussion boards Review example discussion questions for the discussion board

5. Goals of Discussion: Synchronous & Asynchronous Assess student comprehension Knowledge construction Reflection Student interaction Community creation Communication skills: verbal, written, presentation

6. What makes a good discussion question?

7. Effective or not effective, that is the Question! How do we know our questions are discussion worthy? Socratic Method: Open ended, probing, reciprocal (why, how, when, where, who) What do you mean? Can you give an example? Where did you get this idea? Critical Thinking: Application of concepts/ideas Multiple Perspectives: Interpretation and implementation of ideas to further comprehension Bloom’s Taxonomy: Consider what level of learning the question will fulfill

8. Critical Thinking Questions Require students go beyond the facts Encourage students to recognize assumptions, implications, and consequences Generate more questions, rather than closing avenues of inquiry Hold students responsible for their views and conclusions Encourage students to interact critically with the content and each other Trufant, 2003

9. Questioning Strategies Student Generated vs. Faculty Generated Students answer student created questions Faculty generate questions for students to reply Experiential vs. Application Small Group vs. Entire Class Reciprocal Questioning (peer-to-peer)

10. Example Question Of the 5 management perspectives discussed in class, which would you apply to your personal management style? Why? How?

11. Best Practices for Discussion Identify goals and share with students Design discussion for a specific period of time Have students reflect upon the discussion and the outcomes Create an open and collaborative environment Example Discussion Techniques: Jigsaw Pair and Share Quotes Debate Topics

12. Best Practice for Discussion Boards Structure: Length (word count) Replies (weekly number) Writing Expectations Timeframe Too long or too short – allow for proper reflection

13. Best Practice for Discussion Boards #2 Moderation: Sum up discussion Comment on “best” or “key” ideas Define faculty “Presence”

14. Best Practice for Discussion Boards Assessment: Rubrics Feedback When How much Goal Clarity: Why this is important

16. Best Practice for Discussion Boards #3 Groups: Generate random/assigned groups for interaction Small groups increase personal engagement Create an open and safe environment

17. Discussion Board Example

18. References: Eccarius, M. (2011). Rubric Development to Access Student Learning Through Asynchronous Discussion Board. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(4), pp.265-268. Retrieved on March 5, 2015 from ProQuest Database. MacKnight, C.B. (2000). Teaching Critical Thinking through Online Discussions. Educause Quarterly, 4, pp.38-41. Retrieved March 5, 2015 from Ebscohost Database. Maddix, M.A. (2012). Generating and Facilitating Effective Online Learning Through Discussion. Christian Education Journal, 9(2), pp.372-385 Sautter, P. (2007). Designing Discussion Activities to Achieve Desired Learning Outcomes: Choices Using Mode of Delivery and Structure. Journal of Marketing Education, 29(2), pp.122-131. DOI: 10.1177/0273475307302014. Retrieved March 5, 2015 from ProQuest Database. Strang, K.D. (2011). How can discussion forum questions be effective in online MBA courses? Campus-Wide Information Systems, 28(2), pp.80-92. Retrieved on March 5, 2015 from ProQuest Database. Trufant, L.W. (2003). Move Over Socrates: Online Discussion is Here. Faculty Focus. Retrieved on January 14, 2015 from www.facutlyfocus.com/articles/teaching-professor-blog/structuring-discussions-online-and-face-to-face/www.facutlyfocus.com/articles/teaching-professor-blog/structuring-discussions-online-and-face-to-face/