1. Connect! How does the superintendent control the district? Why would the job description notebook be kept in the district office? How does each different employee know what they are supposed to do? How do they get that information? Why do they just receive a copy?

2. DNA Control (Protein Synthesis) the nucleus is considered the control center of the cell because it tells the cell when to make proteins and which type of proteins to make Every cell has a complete set of instructions in the DNA but different parts of the DNA are read in different types of cells...thus making different proteins which carry out the work of the cell

3. This is why you have different cells doing different jobs – your eye cells are using different parts of the DNA than your stomach cells (differentiation).

4. DNA controls a cell Through it’s many genes Each cell recipe Codes unique proteins. DIFFERENT GENES MAKE DIFFERENT PROTEINS MAKE DIFFERENT CELLS!

6. Chunk! 1.How does the nucleus control a cell? 2.How do you get different types of cells? 3.In the song, what does “each cell recipe” really refer to?

7. Steps of DNA Production of Protein (Protein Synthesis) 1.Since DNA cannot leave the nucleus, it must send a messenger. It does this by copying a part of itself, much like replication. This part becomes the message sent to the protein factories of the cell. It is called Messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is created using base pairing. Transcription

8. When DNA unzips for protein synthesis, only the needed genes unzip. mRNA nucleotides base pair with the DNA bases. The bases of mRNA are the same as those of DNA except the T is replaced by U (uracil).

9. mRNA is a single strand molecule.

10. Chunk! 1.Why does DNA need to stay in the nucleus? 2.What is the name of the1 st step of protein synthesis? 3.What is made during the 1 st step? 4.How is it made? 5.What are the bases in mRNA? 6.Is mRNA double or single stranded?

11. 2.Protein factories known as ribosomes receive the MRNA and synthesize proteins from 20 different types of amino acids in the cell. 3.As ribosome moves along the mRNA, bases are read in threes (codon). Transfer RNA’s (tRNA’s) have an anticodon that bonds to the codon and drops off an amino acid in the process. Every 3 bases codes for 1 amino acid. 4.Chains of amino acids form proteins (often enzymes). TRANSLATIONTRANSLATION

12. TRANSLATIONTRANSLATION

13. OVERVIEW OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

14. Chunk! 1.What is the 2 nd part of protein synthesis called? 2.Where does the mRNA go to? 3.What is the proper term for “protein factories”? 4.What do tRNA’s do? 5.Define codon. 6.What is an anticodon, and where is it found?

15. 7.How many bases code for 1 amino acid? 8.What is a chain of amino acids called? 9.How does the nucleus control a cell? 10.Identify each item below.

16. 11.Where is the DNA located? 12.Where does transcription occur? 13.Why is the DNA called a template? 14.What is a codon? 15.Where does translation occur? 16.What is missing from this diagram?

17. JFF