1. The Road Not Taken Reflections on African American History Sundra Kincey, Doctoral Candidate Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Office of Minority Affairs Presentation Florida State University February 23, 2006

2. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 2 Carter G. Woodson 1875 - 1950 Founder of Negro History Week (now “Black History Month”)

3. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 3 Frederick Douglass (1817 – 1895) Abolitionist, orator and writer who fought against slavery and for women's rights. Douglass was the first African-American citizen appointed to high ranks in the U.S. government.

4. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 4 The First Black Vote Though there would be still so many rivers to cross and mountains to climb, this was indeed a glorious, inspiring, landmark event. We can sense the many years this gray-haired man has waited for this moment to cast his ballot. In line are others, including a military man. HARPER'S WEEKLY, November 16, 1867

5. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 5 Booker T. Washington 1856-1915 Founder of Tuskegee Normal School in Alabama (now Tuskegee University)

6. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 6 George Washington Carver (1864-1943) American scientist, educator, humanitarian, and former slave. Carver developed hundreds of products from peanuts, sweet potatoes, pecans, and soybeans; his discoveries greatly improved the agricultural output and the health of Southern farmers.

7. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 7 W.E.B. DuBois 1868 -1963 First African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University Co-Founder of the NAACP

8. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 8 Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929-1968 National leader of the civil rights movement, leading boycotts and staging protests against segregation in the South.

9. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 9 Coretta Scott King 1927-2006 Widow of slain civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Founder of Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change

10. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 10 Malcolm X 1925-1965 World renowned African American/Pan-Africanist and human rights activist

11. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 11 Thurgood Marshall (1908 – 1993) First African American elevated to U.S. Supreme Court (1967-1991)

12. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 12 Colin Powell Born 1937 First African American to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

13. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 13

14. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 14 Sojourner Truth 1797-1883 Nationally known speaker on human rights for slaves and women

15. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 15 Harriet Tubman (1820 - 1913) Devoted her life to fighting slavery, helping slaves and ex-slaves, and championing the rights of women. An incredibly brave woman, she was known as the "Moses of her people." Conductor for the Underground Railroad who helped slaves flee to freedom in the North

16. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 16 Mary McLeod Bethune 1875-1955 Founder of Bethune-Cookman College

17. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 17 Zora Neale Hurston 1891-1960 A novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist

18. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 18 Rosa Parks 1913-2005 "mother of the civil rights movement"

19. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 19 Shirley Chisholm (1924 - 2005) First African-American woman elected to the US Congress. During her long political career, she fought for the rights of women and minorities.

20. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 20 Bessie Coleman (1893-1926) First black female pilot and the first woman to receive an international pilot's license.

21. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 21 Mae C. Jemison NASA Astronaut (former) First African-American Woman in Space

22. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 22 Oprah Winfrey First African-American woman to reach billionaire status

23. Black History Month – S. Kincey 02/23/06 23 Black History: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Thank You!