1. SGOC-UCI Smart Grid Focused Use Cases for Transmission and Distribution Operations Nokhum Markushevich Smart Grid Operations Consulting (UCI associated) n.markushevich@smartgridoperations.com nokhum@uci-usa.com

2. SGOC-UCI Basic Guidelines for Efficient Information Exchange to Meet the SG goals Adequate and Standard Object Models Adequate and Standard Object Models Adequate Process Models Adequate Process Models Actors and actuators involved Actors and actuators involved Reasonable (useful) accuracy of information Reasonable (useful) accuracy of information Adequate Timeliness (account for latency of information, embedded delays, execution time) Adequate Timeliness (account for latency of information, embedded delays, execution time) Adequate information transfer capacity (volume and timing) Adequate information transfer capacity (volume and timing) Cyber Security Cyber Security Standard communication protocols Standard communication protocols

3. SGOC-UCI When building Use Case Take into account significant interrelationships between objects and operations (reasonably apply holistic approach) Take into account significant interrelationships between objects and operations (reasonably apply holistic approach) Revise traditional simplifying assumptions Revise traditional simplifying assumptions Find adequate balance between simplicity and complexity Find adequate balance between simplicity and complexity Find adequate balance between integration and decomposition. Find adequate balance between integration and decomposition.

4. SGOC-UCI Development of use cases Prepare a brief description (narrative) of the use case (function) Prepare a brief description (narrative) of the use case (function) Identify pre-conditions (incl. legacy conditions) Identify pre-conditions (incl. legacy conditions) Identify all actors and actuators for the use case Identify all actors and actuators for the use case Identify object/data models for each actor and actuator Identify object/data models for each actor and actuator Identify interfaces between actors Identify interfaces between actors Describe the steps of the function Describe the steps of the function Trigger of the step (event) Trigger of the step (event) Actors participating in the step Actors participating in the step Data sources Data sources Data recipients Data recipients Contents of data (messages) Contents of data (messages) Accuracy of data (reasonable) Accuracy of data (reasonable) Volume of data Volume of data Timing Timing Time synchronization Time synchronization Storage of data Storage of data Security Security

5. SGOC-UCI Use Cases

6. SGOC-UCI List of Use Cases for DGMI (PAP 8) Real-time Distribution Operation Model and Analysis (DOMA) – situational awareness for distribution. Real-time Distribution Operation Model and Analysis (DOMA) – situational awareness for distribution. Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR) Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR) Voltage/Var/Watt Optimization (VVWO) Voltage/Var/Watt Optimization (VVWO) Distribution Contingency Analysis (DCA) Distribution Contingency Analysis (DCA) Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration (MFR) Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration (MFR) Relay Protection Re-coordination (RPRC) Relay Protection Re-coordination (RPRC) Pre-arming of Remedial Action Schemes (PRAS) Pre-arming of Remedial Action Schemes (PRAS) Coordination of Emergency Actions (CEmA) Coordination of Emergency Actions (CEmA) Coordination of Restorative Actions (CRA) Coordination of Restorative Actions (CRA) Intelligent Alarm Processing (IAP) Intelligent Alarm Processing (IAP)

7. SGOC-UCI IED SCADA/EMS Aggregator External System Appliances Smart meters Appliances Customer EMS Micro-grid controller DER controller CIS/AMI/DER/DR Data Management Systems Load Management system DOMA, includes ADA database VVWO FLIR 1 2 3 4 9 14 11 10 16 13 12 5-8 15 17 18 DER/ES DSCADA GIS Field Crew 19 23 ADA Gateway 51 24 25 26 27 36 28 29 31 33 32 30 21 35 34 Validation 20 Ope rator MOS ISO/RTO 37 38 39 22 40 42 41 43 44 45 46 Engi- neering 47 48 49 50 ADA use case: Goals: Reliability, Quality, Efficiency

8. SGOC-UCI List of Use Cases for Transmission Operations (PAP 14) (including the DER/ES, Demand Response, and interrelationships between the transmission and automated distribution operations) Normal Operating Conditions Resource planning functions Resource planning functions System planning functions System planning functions Operation Planning functions Operation Planning functions Load forecasting functions Load forecasting functions Generation monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) Generation monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) Generation control functions Generation control functions Transmission monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) Transmission monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) Near-real-time transmission optimization functions Near-real-time transmission optimization functions Real-time transmission control functions Real-time transmission control functions Post mortem analyses of transmission operations. Post mortem analyses of transmission operations.

9. SGOC-UCI Transmission monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness ) Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to- Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to- Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) State estimation (with PMU) State estimation (with PMU) Dynamic limit monitoring Dynamic limit monitoring Network Sensitivity Analysis Network Sensitivity Analysis Steady-state contingency analysis Steady-state contingency analysis Dynamic security analysis Dynamic security analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis Intelligent alarm processing Intelligent alarm processing

10. SGOC-UCI List of Use Cases for Transmission Operations (PAP 14) (including the DER/ES, Demand Response, and interrelationships between the transmission and automated distribution operations) Emergency Operating Conditions Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions Real-time remedial action functions Real-time remedial action functions Real-time restorative functions Real-time restorative functions

11. SGOC-UCI Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions Relay protection Relay protection Load-shedding Load-shedding Generator-shedding Generator-shedding Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) Intentional islanding in transmission Intentional islanding in transmission Intentional islanding in distribution Intentional islanding in distribution System stabilizer System stabilizer Voltage, var, and power flow controlling functions Voltage, var, and power flow controlling functions Distributed generation pre-setting Distributed generation pre-setting Demand response pre-setting Demand response pre-setting Electric storage enabling pre-setting Electric storage enabling pre-setting Distributed intelligence schemes in distribution for fault isolation and service restoration Distributed intelligence schemes in distribution for fault isolation and service restoration Re-coordination of protection in distribution systems Re-coordination of protection in distribution systems

12. SGOC-UCI Real-time remedial action functions Load-shedding Load-shedding Generator-shedding Generator-shedding Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) Intentional islanding in transmission Intentional islanding in transmission Intentional islanding in distribution (micro-grids) Intentional islanding in distribution (micro-grids) Distributed generation starts Distributed generation starts Demand response enabling Demand response enabling Electric storage enabling Electric storage enabling Transmission sectionalizing Transmission sectionalizing Voltage, var, and power flow control Voltage, var, and power flow control

13. SGOC-UCI Real-time restorative functions Auto-synchronization Auto-synchronization Restoration of shed loads Restoration of shed loads After under-frequency load shedding After under-frequency load shedding After under-voltage load shedding After under-voltage load shedding After special load shedding After special load shedding Reset of distributed generation Reset of distributed generation Reset of Demand Response Reset of Demand Response Reset of electric storage Reset of electric storage Reset of VVWO objective Reset of VVWO objective

14. SGOC-UCI Interrelationships between DGM and TGM (non-exhaustive) DOMA FLIR VVWO DCA MFR PrRAS CrdEA CrdRA BLM SE DLM NSA SCA DSA CbSA LSh OPFEDVVWO DR DER/ES LOAD DER/ES DR VVWC Gensh Genstart Islanding Monitoring functions Pre-arming Restoration Optimization/control SCD

15. SGOC-UCI Recommended first priority UC for PAP 14 Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to- Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to- Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) State estimation (with PMU) State estimation (with PMU) Dynamic limit monitoring Dynamic limit monitoring Network Sensitivity Analysis Network Sensitivity Analysis Steady-state contingency analysis Steady-state contingency analysis Dynamic security analysis Dynamic security analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis WACS functions (under self-healing concept) – update of the IntelliGrid Self-healing Use Case. WACS functions (under self-healing concept) – update of the IntelliGrid Self-healing Use Case.

16. SGOC-UCI Thank you!