1. Dada and Surrealism

2. Dada
Duchamp
Arp
Dada means Hobby Horse and was located in Zurich, Cologne, Berlin, Paris, and New York from
Disillusioned by the useless slaughter of WW1, they rejected conventional methods of representation and exhibition.
Accepted Ready-mades as an art form and often did their work on glass.
They challenged the relationship between words and images, often incorporating words prominently in their work.
Dada accepts the dominance of the artistic concept over the execution.

3. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
Date: 1912
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania
The Scees de Scandale of the Armory Show
A cubist/or Futurist painting depicting an assumed nude going down a flight of stairs
Influenced by motion pictures, multiple exposure photography
Limited color range.

4. Fountain Artist: Marcel Duchamp Date: 1917 Medium: “Ready-Made”
Location: New York
Ready-made sculpture, actually a found object that Duchamp deemed to be a work of art.
Entered in an unjuried show, but the work was refused.
Signed by the “artist” R. Mutt, a pun on the Mutt and Jeff comic strip and Mott Iron Works
Title Fountain a pun; fountains spout liquid, a urinal is meant to collect it.

5. Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
Artist: Jean (Hans) Arp
Date:
Medium: Torn and pasted paper
Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York
A act in randomness
The paper was torn and dropped. The pieces were then glued where they landed.
The idea of chance is removed because the papers don’t overlap and are nearly arranged in a grid like pattern

6. Man Ray Paul Klee Salvador Dali Joan Miro Rene Margritte
Surrealism
Man Ray
Paul Klee
Salvador Dali
Joan Miro
Rene Margritte
Inspired by the psychological studies of Freud and Jung
Represented an unseen world of dreams, subconscious thoughts, and unspoken communication.
Started with the theories of Andre Brenton in 1924.
The movement went in two directions; abstract tradition of biomorphic forms and the veristic tradition of using reality-based subjects put together in unusual ways.
It is meant to puzzle, challenge, and fascinate; its sources are in mysticism, psychology, and the symbolic.

7. Le Violon d’Ingres Artist: Man Ray Date: 1924
Medium: Photograph reworked with Pencil and Ink
Location: Musee National d’Art Moderne, Paris
Showed the Surrealist desire for playfulness.
Le Violon d’Ingres means basically hobby, but Ingres had the hobby of paying Violin, which is shown the back of the nude.
The hair dressing of the nude reminds us of Ingres’ designs.

8. “When the Automobile arrived there were those what declared the horse to be the most perfect form of locomotion. All these attitudes result from a fear that the one will replace the other. Nothing of the kind has happened, we have simply increased our vocabulary. I see no one trying to abolish the automobile because we have the airplane.”
- Man Ray, on photography as art

9. Persistence of Memory Artist: Salvador Dali Date: 1931
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York
Huge empty spaces suggested by vast landscape
Drooping watches all tell different times
Only life is the fly on the watch and the ants on the closed watch fob
Hallucinatory
Barren and uninhabited landscape
Bonelike hand seems to caricature Dali’s face
Visual ironies; tree grows from a firm block, clock hangs from a dead tree branch.

10. Spanish Dancer Artist: Joan Miro Date: 1945 Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Foundation Beyeler, Riehen/Basel Switzerland
Used simple forms
Built compositions first with random washes ad then added substance to the shape the forms inspired.
Amoeba-like shapes
Spontaneous, mysterious, serene
Color harmonies are softly modeled.

11. Time Transfixed Artist: Rene Magritte Date: 1938 Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location:Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
- Realistic images that seem unreal with their juxtaposition of objects and location.

12. I and the Village Artist: Marc Chagall Date: 1911
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York
Not truly a member of the Surrealist movement, although is another artist who is difficult to classify
Chagall represented images from his childhood in Russia
Bright colors and cubist type arrangements influenced his designs
Like Fauvists he has a disregard for realistic color, and like cubism because of the fractured space.

13. Max Ernst Giacometti Henry Moore Alexander Calder
Surrealist Sculpture
Max Ernst
Giacometti
Henry Moore
Alexander Calder

14. Object Artist: Meret Oppenheim Date: 1936 Medium: fur covered cup
Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York
Said to have been donein response to Picasso’s claim that anything looks good in fur
Combination of unlike objects; fur-covered teacup, saucer, and spoon
Exotic overtones.

15. Large Standing Woman III
Artist: Alberto Giacometti
Date: 1960
Medium: Bronze
Location: New York
Elongated and thinned forms
Their absence of space is what makes them such a strong element.

16. Reclining Figure Artist: Henry Moore Date: 1939 Medium: Elmwood
Location: Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit
Moore did many on this theme
Simplified forms with great areas of negative space
Negative space emphasized
Biomorphic forms
Influenced by ancient Mayan chacmool figures.

17. 125 Artist: Alexander Calder Date: 1957
Medium: Painted Sheet Metal and Steel Wire
Location: John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York
Part of his series of mobiles, Kinetic sculptures
Later works were known as stables and where not-kinetic.
Suspended from the ceiling.

18. Regionalism and Social Realism United States
Wood
Jacob Lawrence
Edward Hopper
James VanDerZee
Dorthea Lange

19. American Gothic Artist: Grant Wood Date: 1930
Medium: Oil on Beaverhead
Location: Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
Grant Wood considered a regionalis painter, emphasizing Midwestern subjects in Rural Iowa
Artist’s sisters and his dentist posed in conventional Midwestern costumes before a carpenter Gothic house; meant to represent a father and a daughter
Long oval heads; narrow chins; sloping shoulders
Seem to have an expression of disapproval or hostility
Pitchfork reflected in farmers shirt
Artist resisted interpreting the painting; some see it as an expression of American hardihood; others as a satire.

20. Harriet Tubman Series, No. 7
Artist: Jacob Lawrence
Date:
Medium: Casein Tempera on Hardboard
Location: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
Overall color unity in the series unites each painting
Forms hover in large spaces
Flat simple shapes
Unmodulated colors
Part of A series

21. Night Hawks Artist: Edward Hopper Date:1942 Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location:The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
Simple, quiet composition, but one that denotes tension
City locations that seem empty and deserted; loneliness of modern life
We see through a huge plate glass window of a luncheonette with no exterior door
Three customers have no interaction, one counterman seems to listen to unspoken words
Clarity of forms

22. Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley
Artist: Dorthea Lange
Date: 1935
Medium: Gelatin Silver Print
Location: Oakland Museum of California
Photographed migrant workers in a deserted pea-pickers camp in California
Children turn away, framing their mothers face
Mother is a symbol of despair and anxiety, yet has strength and determination.
Poverty expressed in the rags the infant is wrapped in
Documentary photography.

23. Thunderstorm, Yosemite Valley
Artist: Ansel Adams
Date: 1945
Medium: Gelatin Silver
Adams attempted to capture the natural beauty of nation monuments.
Like Lang was hired to document America

24. Regionalism and Social Reform Mexico
Diego Rivera
Frida Kahlo

25. Ancient Mexico Artist: Diego Rivera Date: 1929-1935 Medium: Fresco
Location: National Palace, Mexico City
Glorified the working class – Connections to Rivera’s Socialist beliefs.
History of Mexico, this mural was representing the history of Mayans and Aztecs
Bright colors were typical of Mexican culture and art.
Influenced by Cubism in the flattened and multidimensional forms.
Married to Frida Kahlo.

26. The Two Fridas Artist: Frida Kahlo Date:1939 Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Collection of the Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City
Juxtaposition of two self-portraits
Left; Kahlo dressed as a Spanish lady in white lace
Right; Kahlo dressed as a Mexican peasant – the stiffness and provincial quality of Mexican folk art serves as a direct inspiration for the artist
Her two hearts are intertwined together by veins that are cut by scissors at one end and lead to a portrait of her husband, artist Rivera, at the other; painted at the time of their divorce
Barren landscape, two figures sit against a wildly active sky
Kahlo rejected the label of surrealism to her artwork.

27. Alred Stieglitz Georgia O’Keefe
American Abstraction
Alred Stieglitz
Georgia O’Keefe

28. Equivalent Artist: Alfred Stieglitz Date: 1923 Medium: Chloride Print
Location: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
One the main figures in the Abstract Art community.
This was from a series of works done on the movement of clouds which ultimately created an abstract arrangement of line, and darks and light.

29. Cow’s Skull with Calico Roses
Artist: Georgia O’Keefe
Date: 1931
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Location: Art Institute of Chicago
O’Keefe was another strong American Abstract Artist.
Was very influenced by the imagery of the southwest desert.
She married Steiglitz and worked in an artist community.