1. Remote Sensing Applications

2. Signatures – a unique identifier…

3. Computer Display of Remote Sensing Images Individual bands of satellite data are “mapped” to the three “color guns”  Color guns  red, green, blue  At most, 3 bands can be displayed at once Displaying multispectral (mulitiple bands) data:  Different color gun (red, green, or blue) assigned to each band  Combination of red + green + blue for each pixel produces color image Displaying panchromatic (single band) data:  Single band sent to the each of the red/green/blue color guns produces greyscale image

4. 432 Composite Color Infrared 321 Composite True Color 3 for the price of 1…

5. Heat Island Effect: Atlanta, GA Measuring the effect the city has on its environment: Landsat TM Land use classification (bottom) Temperature map (top) computed from thermal band Issue: Atlanta regularly exceeds the temperature of the surrounding environment by as much as 10 degrees. This extreme difference causes thunderstorms to be generated and promotes ground level ozone. http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/Landsat/atlanta_heat.html

6. Monitoring Urban Growth LandSat image Urban growth in the Washington D.C. metropolitan region 1973-1996 Red areas: New urban infrastructure built 1973-1985 Yellow: 1985-1990 Blue 1990-1996

7. Impervious Surface Mapping http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=1792 Baltimore/Washington area Shows extent of impervious surfaces. Red represents high concentrations of impervious surfaces. Blue represents moderate concentrations and green represents low concentrations of impervious surfaces. Base image: LandSat Impervious surface mapping: Derived from both LandSat & IKONOS satellite data

8. Mt. Saint Helens 19731983 19881992 Eruption: May 18, 1980 eruption Images  before and after can be used to assess forest regrowth

9. Finding Fossils from Space LandSat Image Red: band 7 (shortwave infrared) Green: band 4 (near infrared) Blue: band 1 (blue) Vegetation & different rock types stand out clearly in this image  target potential fossil sites http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=188

10. Double Crossing Prairie Dog Colony Shell Canyon Ant Hills Canyon Creek Trout Spawning Beds The bright sandy patches are deposits from stream meanders that provide trout spawning beds. Wildlife Habitats Positive Systems, Inc. Both ant hills and prairie dog mounds display a similar and distinct appearance in the imagery

11. Precision Agriculture Water Deficit Index (WDI): Indicates rate of evaporative water loss from cropped fields Determined from measurements of field temperature and the spectral vegetation index measured by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Tool for water conservation  can be used to monitor the efficacy of irrigation and identify fields where evaporative water loss is greatest.

12. Noxious Weed Maps The figure at left is an example of a mapping project in the Northwestern United States. The purple pixels represent the values that are within the spectrum of spotted knapweed.

13. Assessing and Monitoring Grass and Forest Fires ASTER image (7/2001) 13 years after fires burned > 1.6 million acres in Yellowstone National Park, the scars are still evident. Burned areas appear gray, unburned forests dark green. http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=yellowstonepark

14. 1999 Landsat Image Yellowstone Park Boundary plainly visible in this 1999 Graphically represents differences in managerial policies among governmental agencies of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

15. Monitoring Deforestation 1975 1986 1992 Light blue: Deforested land & urban areas Red: Healthy vegetation

16. Dust Storms

17. Polar Ozone Hole TOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer South Polar ozone hole image Centered on Antarctica