1. First Aid in Children CPR Unconsciousness Foreign body aspiration
Intoxication

2. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for a person with a respiratory arrest and/or with cardiac arrest.
CPR providing is required by law for everybody.
Punishment for breaking this law is twice higher for health professionals than for „normal“ citizens.

3. Pediatric Gold Rule: Child ≠ Miniaturized Adult
In CPR minimal differencies:
„newborn“ immediately after birth
„infant“ - under one year old
„child“ - from one year
The differences from the adults:
Paediatric cardiopulmonary arrests are usually initially respiratory arrests.
Cardial arrests only in specific groups (congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, abertant coronary artery, prolonged QT sy, critical aortal stenosis).‏

4. Causes of CP Arrest in Newborns and Infants
Congenital developmental defects
Respiratory failure
SIDS
Sepsis – infection
Metabolic diseases

5. Causes of CP Arrest in Children
Injury (traffic, game, drowing, intoxication, burns)
Tumors
Respiratory failure
Sepsis – infection
Dehydratation – hypovolemic shock
Neurological diseases
Metabolic diseases
Congenital developmental defects

6. Newborn
If the newborn does not regulary breath (cry) during the first minute after interruption of umbilical cord. In 99% of cases need only respiratory basic support – ventilation by mask (mouth) frequency 40-60/min as in the simplest conditions of developmental countries.

7. CABD: circulation(compressions)-airways-breathing-defibrilation
irresponsive unbreathing patient
30 compressions at rate 100/min in depth 1/3 of chest
head tilt-chin lift maneuver
2 breaths
continue in CPR 30:2, call AED

8. CABD

9. Infants, Toddlers, Younger Children
Is the child reacting?
 gently tap the child, ask loudly “Are you OK?”, (don´t shake the baby)‏
.... unresponsive....
OBSERVE the chest movements
HEAR nearby the nose and mouth, tracing the signs of breathing
FEEL the air flow on the face
...no longer than 10 seconds

10. Circulation

11. Airways
open the airway using a head tilt–chin lift maneuver

12. Breathing

13. Causes of Unconsciousness in Children
FEVER
injury
intoxication
hypoxy/ischemia
infection
metabolic disease
ORTHOSTATIC COLLAPSE
tumor of the CNS
epilepsy
heart arytmia

14. Convulsions, fever Breathing normally?
 turn the child onto the side - „recovery position“ and control regular breathing

15. Signs of The Aspiration of The Foreign Body
Direct adult witness of the aspiration
(associated with eating, game, ...)‏
Sudden start-up of dyspnea
Cough:
ineffective with inability to speak and breath, cyanosis, unconsciousness
effective with crying or verbal communication, loud cough, ability to breath

17. Deliver 5 back blows (slaps), alternatively followed by 5 chest thrusts.

18. Heimlich Maneuver
KI: infants, obese
Possible to alternate with back blows (slaps)

19. Intoxication
Call the poison control center at if you think your child has taken poison and he is alert or if your child has done any of these things and is alert:
- Swallowed too much medicine or the wrong kind
- Swallowed plants
- Swallowed any abnormal substance – household chemistry
Has pieces of pills on clothes or lips
Poison has splashed on his face or eyes
Phycians have to take poisoning in differential diagnosis if:
- Is not breathing properly or having trouble breathing
- Is unconscious or not alert
- Has collapsed
- If having seizures
- Is acting differently
- You have any suspicion from history
- Has a strange smell And follow the centre instructions