1. Nature of Canada’s Economy
CGC 1P

2. Key Question:
How does the human environment affect and change our natural environment?
We will be looking at this through 3 different aspects:
Primary Industry
Manufacturing
Location Factors
Before we move on, we first need an understanding of what makes up the Canadian Economy

3. Economic Structure of Canada
Economic System
The organization in which products and services are made and used up

4. Consumers: people who use products and services.
The economy is made up of two different types of people:
Producers:
people who harvest, manufacture products or provide services.
Consumers: people who use products and services.

5. How we categorize our economic industries
Primary Industries
Secondary Industries
Tertiary Industries
Quaternary Industries

6. Primary Industries
-industries that harvest natural resources
(natural resources: air, soil, water, oil, plants, rocks, minerals, wildlife)
Examples of Industries: mining, forestry, oil and gas, agriculture, fishing, hunting, trapping

7. Natural Resource Industry
Provinces of Canada and their Primary Industries using natural resources
Natural Resource Industry
Newfoundland & Labrador
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Forestry X
Water (Hydroelectric)
Fishery
Oil & Gas
Agriculture
Mining

8. Labour
- Lower number of people employed than other industry levels due to mechanization of the job (one person per big machine)
Skilled labour due to the specialization of the job (college diploma and apprenticeship)

9. Secondary Refining Industries
- process raw materials into industrial products
Industries: Steel mills, paper mills, textile mills, plastic manufacturers, flour mill

10. Labour
- Larger number of people employed than primary industry but still lower than manufacturing industry
Some college skilled labour (steel milling), Often industry trained labour

11. Secondary Manufacturing Industry
-process industrial products into goods
Industries: car makers, garment industry, furniture makers, industrial bakers

12. Larger number of people in a factory
Labour
Larger number of people in a factory
Often industry trained labour, low skill labour

13. Tertiary Industry
-provide services and distribution of final products to the market
Industries: retail sales, utilities, public administration, communications, health care, restaurants, education

14. Labour Large number of people employed in this industry
Labour skill varies:
Low skill labour (ex cashier),
college trained (ex. chef, paramedic),
University trained (ex. accountant, pharmacist)

15. Quaternary Industry
-provides intellectual services
Industries: Scientific research, information technology, consultants,

16. Labour Small of people employed in this industry
Very highly trained employees (many years of university)

17. Basic and Non-Basic Industries
Industries that sell their products outside the community, bringing “new” money into the community
Non-Basic Industries
Industries that sell their products within the community, not bringing “new” money into the community

18. Decide if the description is an example of either a basic or non-basic industry:
Job Description
Basic/Non-Basic
Coal miner in northeastern British Columbia
Hairdresser at a shopping mall
Art teacher
Actor at the Stratford Shakespearean Festival
Teller at the local bank
Vice-president of Scotiabank
Professor at Queen’s University
Receptionist at a dentist’s office
Air Canada pilot
School-bus driver
Basic
Non- basic
Non- basic
Basic
Non- basic
Basic
Basic
Non- basic
Basic
Non- basic

19. Factors that influence the Location of Industry

20. What is Industry?
Industry, refers to types of employment, organized by sector (type of industry) where people work.
Many types of industry exist in Canada and around the world. - Government (federal, provincial) - Mining, forestry, fishing, - Tourism, - Auto Manufacturing Industry - Transportation Industry
….. Just to name a few……

21. Determining the proper location for an industry is very important to the success of a company.
If the location, environmental, social or economic conditions are not just right, a company is likely to be unsuccessful.

22. What things do you feel would be important when deciding to locate a business?
FACTORS

23. Raw Materials Government Incentives Market Transportation Energy
There are 6 main factors to consider when locating a business/ Industry
Raw Materials Government
Incentives Market
Transportation Energy
Labour Force
Together, these factors determine where and if a business can succeed to make a profit. If one or more of these conditions are not ideal then the business/industry will suffer

24. Raw Materials Are the raw materials you require available?
If the raw materials you need are too far from your business, the cost may be too high to transport them, cutting into your profit.
Locating near your source of raw materials is necessity!
if you make fertilizer, you want to locate you business near a source of potash.

25. Labour Force:
Are there people available and trained to provide labour?
If your product requires manual labour you need to locate your factory in an area populated with people willing and trained to perform the work.
"Made in China" sound familiar?
CHINA:
Huge Labour Force + low wages= $$$ in company pocket
BUT!: This takes jobs away from Canadians

26. Transportation:
Are you close to major transportation networks? Water, Rail, Road?
If you build a product that must be transported, there must be a network in place for you to move those goods easily/ cheaply.
It is cheap to transport goods by container ship. That is why we can have our goods made on the other side of the world and then transported here. If it were not cheap that would not be an option.

27. Market: How close are you to your market? Customers?
If you locate your business/factory/industry near the people who are
going to buy your product, you save money on getting it to your
consumers.
It is usually cheapest to buy local
The further away your food comes from , the more expensive
it is!

28. Energy:
Does your business require a great deal of electricity? If so, Where can you find the cheapest power?
Most aluminum and copper smelters, pulp and paper mills need a great deal of electricity to run. They locate near cheap sources.
Most smelting and paper operations are located in northern Ontario and Quebec. Why?
many hydro-electric dams that offer cheap power.

29. Government Incentives:
Is anyone offering you a deal if you locate your business in their area?
Generating new business is a big deal for politicians/ the government. When cities or provinces are fighting to draw a particular business into town they offer up deals or incentives.
The Ontario Government gives "deals" to many types of companies that offer to bring work to Canadian cities. An example is car makers. Deals include, low taxes or cheap power. Simple done to draw industry to the province or country.