1. Industrial automation Using Microcontroller By: Engr. M
Industrial automation Using Microcontroller By: Engr. M.Rizwan Anjum Department of Electronic Engineering UCET, IUB.

2. Contents Introduction Parameters consideration for Automation
Selecting microcontroller
Internal architecture of Microcontroller
Applications

3. Introduction Automation
The control of an industrial process (e.g manufacturing, production etc) by automatic rather that manual means is often called automation
Automation can be defined as a technology that uses programmed commands to operate a given process

4. Basic building block diagram of Automation
Transducer
Processing/ control
Output/ Display
Appliances
Set point

5. Sensors/ Transducers
Level
Flow
Pressure
Temperature
Humidity

6. Controllable applications
Motors
Solenoid valves
Control valves

7. Display
Input Parameters
Set point
Indication for Output (alarm)

8. Controller Takes Input Verifies the conditions
Controls the equipment &
Displays the output

9. Microcontrollers The prime use of a microcontroller :
To control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM and that does not change over the lifetime of the system

10. Typical Microcontrollers
The most common microcontrollers are 8-bit.
4-bit are used in high volume very low cost applications
16 & 32 bit are used in high-end applications. 
Typical clock frequencies are MHz

11. Different manufacturers of microcontroller
Intel
Atmel
Philips
Dallas Semiconductors
Microchip
Motorola

12. Criteria for Selecting microcontroller
meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively
speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and timers, size, packaging, power consumption
easy to upgrade
cost per unit
availability of software development tools
assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator, simulator, technical support
wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers.

13. Different aspects of a microcontroller
Hardware: Interface to the real world
Software: order how to deal with inputs

14. Test case: 8051 A single chip A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
RAM
ROM
I/O Port
Timer
Serial COM Port
CPU
A single chip

15. History of 8051
1981, Intel MCS-51
The 8051 became popular after Intel allowed other manufacturers to make and market an flavor of the 8051.
different speed, amount of on-chip ROM
code-compatible with the original 8051
form a 8051 family
在 Intel 允許廠商設計相容的 8051 IC 後, 8051 才真正的 popular.

16. Block Diagram CPU On-chip RAM On-chip ROM for program code 4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial Port
OSC
Interrupt Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus Control
TxD RxD
P0 P2 P1 P3
Address/Data
Counter Inputs

17. Pin Description of the 8051 8051 (8031) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD)P3.0
(TXD)P3.1
(T0)P3.4
(T1)P3.5
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
(INT0)P3.2
(INT1)P3.3
(RD)P3.7
(WR)P3.6
Vcc
P0.0(AD0)
P0.1(AD1)
P0.2(AD2)
P0.3(AD3)
P0.4(AD4)
P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)
P0.7(AD7)
EA/VPP
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7(A15)
P2.6(A14)
P2.5(A13)
P2.4(A12)
P2.3(A11)
P2.2(A10)
P2.1(A9)
P2.0(A8)
8051
(8031)

18. Port 3 Alternate Functions17 RD
P3.7 16 WR
P3.6 15 T1
P3.5 14 T0
P3.4 13
INT1
P3.3 12
INT0
P3.2 11
TxD
P3.1 10
RxD
P3.0
Pin
Function
P3 Bit

19. MICROCONTROLLER I/O pins
I/O pins are very useful for the following :
reading Inputs/ reading keypads
Displaying output
controlling Motors (PWM) etc.

20. A Pin of Port 1 P0.x 8051 IC Read latch Vcc TB2 Load(L1) P1.X pin
D Q
Clk Q
Vcc
Load(L1)
Read latch
Read pin
Write to latch
Internal CPU bus M1
P1.X pin
P1.X
TB1
TB2
P0.x
8051 IC

21. Writing “1” to Output Pin P1.X
Setb p1.x
D Q
Clk Q
Vcc
Load(L1)
Read latch
Read pin
Write to latch
Internal CPU bus M1
P1.X pin
P1.X
TB2
2. output pin is Vcc
1. write a 1 to the pin 1
output 1
TB1
8051 IC

22. Writing “0” to Output Pin P1.X
D Q
Clk Q
Vcc
Load(L1)
Read latch
Read pin
Write to latch
Internal CPU bus M1
P1.X pin
P1.X
TB2
2. output pin is ground
1. write a 0 to the pin
output 0 1
TB1
8051 IC

23. Reading “High” at Input Pin
D Q
Clk Q
Vcc
Load(L1)
Read latch
Read pin
Write to latch
Internal CPU bus M1
P1.X pin
P1.X
2. MOV A,P1
external pin=High
TB2 1 1
TB1
3. Read pin=1 Read latch=0 Write to latch=1
8051 IC

24. Reading “Low” at Input Pin
D Q
Clk Q
Vcc
Load(L1)
Read latch
Read pin
Write to latch
Internal CPU bus M1
P1.X pin
P1.X
2. MOV A,P1
external pin=Low
TB2 1
TB1
3. Read pin=1 Read latch=0 Write to latch=1
8051 IC

25. 8051 Family Mask programmable OTP one time programmable Reprogrammable
factory fitted Programs
OTP one time programmable
User Programmable
Reprogrammable
User Reprogrammable

26. Comparison of the 8051 Family Members
ROM type
8031 no ROM ; requires external Rom
80xx mask ROM
87xx EPROM
89xx Flash EEPROM
89xx
8951
8952
8953
8955
898252
891051
892051
Example (AT89C51,AT89LV51)
AT= ATMEL(Manufacture)
C = CMOS technology
LV= Low Power(3.0v)

27. Some 8-bitt Registers of the 8051A B R0 R1 R3 R4 R2 R5 R7 R6
DPH
DPL PC
DPTR
Some bit Register
Some 8-bitt Registers of the 8051

28. Memory mapping in 8051
ROM memory map in 8051 family

29. RAM memory space allocation in the 8051
7FH
30H
2FH
20H
1FH
17H
10H
0FH
07H
08H
18H
00H
Register Bank 0
Register Bank 1
Register Bank 2
Register Bank 3
Bit-Addressable RAM
General RAM

30. Development Cycle of microcontroller based project

31. How to interface Devices
Inputs and Outputs
Compatibility of I/Os
Impedance matching
Selecting right microcontroller

32. General diagram of Automation
Analog to Digital converter
8051uc
Display
Actuator
D0~D7
Sensor input/Analog
Control Signals
Set point

33. Why Microcontroller Less complex Cheaper Example Decoder Counter Units
Tens
hundreds
Thousands
Clk input

35. Controller Universal controllers Input in form of 0 ~5v 4 ~ 20mA
Fixed
Universal controllers
Universal controllers
Input in form of 0 ~5v
4 ~ 20mA
0 ~20mA
Conversion using Transmitter
Exp. Temperature transmitter, pressure transmitter. etc

36. Applications of microcontroller
Personal information products: Cell phone, pager, watch, pocket recorder, calculator
Laptop components: mouse, keyboard, modem, fax card, sound card, battery charger
Home appliances: door lock, alarm clock, thermostat, air conditioner, TV remote, VCR, small refrigerator, exercise equipment, washer/dryer, microwave oven
Industrial equipment: Temperature/pressure controllers, Counters, timers, RPM Controllers
Toys: video games, cars, dolls, etc.

37. Microcontroller Applications

38. Microcontroller Application Area

40. Sample projects
Car parking gate control

41. Car parking gate control program
org 0
mov p0, #00
mov p1, #00
mov p2, #00
mov p3, #00
wait: jnb p1.0, wait1 ; wait for enter into parking
acall here ; if inside goto here subroutine
wait1: jnb p1.2, wait ; wait for leave parking
acall here1 ; if leave parking goto here1
here: setb p2.0 ; start motor1 for open d gate
limit1: jnb p3.0, limit1 ; start motor1 until it strikes to limit switch
clr p2.0 ; after defined time stop d motor
switch: jnb p1.1, switch ; wait for input when the car cross the entering door
setb p2.1 ; when gate crossed start motor1 in revese direction to close d gate
limit2: jnb p3.1, limit2 ; start motor1 in reverse direction until it strikes to the other limit
clr p2.1 ; after closing the door now stop motor1
inc a ; start counter to count number of cars on seven segment display
mov p0, a ; display result on port 0 'use decoder'
ret ; return from subroutine
here1: setb p2.2 ; start motor2 for open d gate
limit3: jnb p3.2, limit3 ; start motor2 until it strikes to the other limit
clr p2.2 ; after defined time stop d motor
switch1:jnb p1.3, switch1 ;wait for input when the car cross the exit door
setb p2.3 ; when gate crossed start motor2 in revese direction to close d gate
limit4: jnb p3.3, limit4 ; start motor2 until it strikes to the other limit
clr p2.3 ; after closing the door now stop motor2
dec a ; count down
mov p0, a ; display result on port 0
sjmp wait ; restart
end

42. ?

43. Thanks