1. GROUP:4 JAY SREE JANANE.E.M

2. The History Diagnostics Treatment Methods Medicines/Equipments Used Practices Specialites in Traditional Chinese Medicine World and its View

3. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is largely based on the philosophical concept that the universe is made of an energy called ’qi’. This energy can be any state of matter or energy in existence. The Four Natures: This pertains to the degree of yin and yang. namely cold (extreme yin), cool, warm and hot (extreme yang). The Five Tastes: The five tastes are pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty, and each taste has a different set of functions and characteristics.

4. Pungent herbs- are used to generate sweat and to direct Sweet-tasting herbs- often tonify or harmonize bodily systems. Sour taste -most often is astringent or consolidates, bitter taste -dispels heat, purges the bowels and get rid of dampness by drying them out. Salty tastes -soften hard masses as well as purge and open the bowels.

5. HAN DYNASTY (206 BC–AD 220) Zhenjiu zhenzhong jing-Classic of Moxibustion and Acupuncture Preserved in a Pillow by Hau Tau who anesthetized patients during surgery with a formula of wine and powdered cannabis. Hua's physical, surgical, and herbal treatments were also used to cure diseases like headaches, dizziness, worms, fever, cough, etc.

6. JIN DYNASTY (265-420 AD) Zhēnji ǔ ji ǎ y ǐ jīng -Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Huangfu Mi. TANG DYNASTY (618 – 907AD) Beiji qianjin yaofang-Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold and Qianjin yifang -Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold) by Sūn Sīmi ǎ o.

7. Emperor Gaozong ( 649–683AD) commissioned the scholarly compilation of a materia medica in 657 that documented 833 medicinal substances taken from stones, minerals, metals, plants, herbs, animals, vegetables, fruits, and cereal crops The scholar-official Su Song (1020–1101)categorized herbs,minerals,spices according to their effects. Song Dynasty (960 – 1279AD) Tóngrén shūxué zhēnji ǔ tújīng -Illustrated Manual for the Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion with help of a Bronze Figure bearing Acupuncture Points by Wáng Wéiyī.

8. Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368AD) Shísì jīng fāhuī-exposition of the Fourteen Channels by Huá Shòu. Ming Dynasty (1368–1644AD) considered the golden age of acupuncture and moxibustion spawning many famous doctors and books Zhēnji ǔ dàquan (A Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Xu Feng. Zhēnji ǔ jùyīng fāhuī (An Exemplary Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and their Essentials) by Gāo W ǔ. Zhēnji ǔ dàchéng (Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Yáng Jìzhōu completed in 1601. Běnc ǎ o gāngmù (Outlined Materia Medica) by L ǐ Shízhen ), the most complete and comprehensive pre-modern herbal book completed in 1578. Wenyi lun, by Wu Youxing (1642).

9. Qing Dynasty (1644–1912AD) Yizong jinjian-Golden Mirror of the Medical Tradition compiled by Wu Qian under imperial commission.Zhenjiu fengyuan.The Source of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Li Xuechuan. Wenre lun, by Ye Tianshi. Wenbing tiaobian - Systematized Differentiation of Febrile Disorders compiled by Wu Jutong in 1798.

10. Palpationof the patient's radial artery pulse in six positions Observations of patient's tongue, voice, hair, f ace, posture, gait, eyes, ears, v ein on index finger of small children Palpation of the patient's body (especially the abdomen, chest, back, and lumbar areas) for tenderness or comparison of relative warmth or coolness of different parts of the body Observation of the patient's various odors Asking the patient about the effects of their problem. Anything else that can be observed without instruments and without harming the patient Asking detailed questions about their family, living environment, personal habits, food diet, emotions, menstrual cycle for women, child bearing history, sleep, exercise, and anything that may give insight into the balance or imbalance of an individual.

11. Accupuncture Auriculotherapy Chinese food therapy Chinese herbal medicine Cupping Gua Sha Moxibustion Qigong

12. Some of Medicines/Equipments Used: Ginseng Wolfberry Dong quai Astragalus Atractylodes Coptis Ginger Licorice Ephedra Sinica Peony Rrhubarb, etc…..

13. Accupuncture- a technique in which the practitioner inserts fine needles into specific points on the patient's body. Usually about a dozen points are needled in one session. Auriculotherapy-which comes under the heading of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.balanced diet, which leads to health, is when the five functional flavors are in balance. When one is diseased and certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. Chinese food therapy-Dietary recommendations are made according to the patient's individual condition.When one is diseased and therefore (unbalanced), certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore the five flaovur balance to the body. Chinese herbal medicine - herbal medicine is considered as the primary therapeutic modality of internal medicine. Of the approximately 500 Chinese medicinal herbs, 250 or so are commonly used.

14. Cupping-A suction technique that moves stagnant energy and blood resulting in improved circulation in the affected area. Gua Sha-is a form of mechanical dermabrasion using a hand-held scraper to irritate and inflame various regions of the dermal areas. It is frequently used to treat invasion by seasonal external pathogen. Moxibustion-is deeply nourishing healing technique that consists of burning a Chinese botanical (Artemisia Vulgaris) over or on acupuncture points to improve circulation and warm the body. Qigong-and related breathing and meditation exercise

15. Aging Blood and Lymphatic Cardiovascular Children’s diseases Dermatological Digestive Ear, Eye, Nose & Throat Glandular & Hormonal Immunological Injuries Men’s Diseases Menstrual & Menopausal Metabolic Neurological Oncological Pregnancy & Infertility Respiratory Rheumatic & Arthritic Tropical Diseases Urinary & Genital Unclassified, eg. Chronic Fatigue Viral Diseases

16. Ginseng-help boost energy, reduce stress,increase endurance,relief from night sweats and hot flashes. Mushrooms-be able to up-regulate aspects of the immune system.

17. Wolfberry-treat kidney, liver, eye, skin problems, diabetes, tuberculosis, anxiety, insomnia,to lower the blood pressure and cholesterol levels, improve the state of health, strengthen the immune system increasing the longevity and vitality of the human kind. Dang Gui-regulate the menstrual cycle and to treat menopausal symptoms caused by hormonal changes, that help relax the muscle tissue and relieves pain.

18. Astragalus-is to increase the body resistance to infections, healing allergies and for immune deficiencies and allergies, to raise and renew vitality. Atractylodes-the treatment of digestive disorders and problems of moisture accumulation. The herb helps move moisture from the digestive tract to the blood that reduces diarrheoa, gas and bloating.

19. Coptis -full of alkaloids that inhibit infections and calm nervous agitation, treatment of skin diseases, intestinal infections, hypertensions and insomnia. Ginger-highly spicy and is beneficial to digestion, neutralizing poisons in food, ventilating the lungs, to warm the circulation to the limbs, diarrhea and heart conditions.

20. Licorice-treat hepatitis, sore throat, and muscle spasms. When licorice is baked with honey it is believed to also help in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and heart valve diseases. Ephedra-metabolic enhancer that can burn more calories for those that are trying to lose weight but now no longer legally available.

21. Peony-also known as bai shao(white) and chi shao (red), peony relaxes the blood vessels, reduces platelet sticking, nourishes the blood and promotes circulation to the skin and extremities. Rhubarb-. Rhubarb is a reliable laxative and it enhances the appetite when it is taken before meals in very small amounts. It also promotes blood circulation and relieving pain in cases of injury or inflammation and inhibiting intestinal infections. Rhubarb can also reduce autoimmune reactions.

22. Specialities In TCM Although a wide range of diseases like western medicine TCM can treat but the main successive and most effective are: Accupuncture Herbal Chinese Medicine Skin -acne, psoriasis, eczema Musculoskeletal -back, neck and shoulder pain, sprained joints, sciatica etc Gastro Complaints- indigestion, bloating, heartburn, weight loss etc. Stress related disorders-anxiety, depression, insomnia, headaches, migraines, etc. Respiratory and seasonal disorders have fever, colds, flu, asthma etc.

23. Everything has its positive and negative side,ruleof nature.Same way TCM although effective has its negative side too: Environmental degradration-hunting of tigers,bears,sharks,some rare herbs,etc. leading to formation of black markets. Contradictions with western herbal medicine-In western to study herbs only one is administered but TCM usually more than one is used as a ‘MIX’. Side effects-there are side effects found in techniques such as accupuncture like nerve breakdown, rupture, dermal infection but however they are mostly due to negligence of the practioner.

24. There has been a lot of oppostion to TCM due to its lack of alternatives in making medicine because they cause environment depletion. Black Stratergy TCM practioners nowadays have been selling their products with different names according to place and people views for increased sale purpose causing confusion and death in some cases due to wrong drug intake. Although there has been on hunting of animals the requirement in making of medicine has made illegal hunting increased. The pills are not standarised this mean that a pill or medicine can be reused mixed and sold by another company.