1. Child Labour in the Industrial Revolution and in Chad today By Imani Tyakoff

2. During the industrial revolution child labour was common in Britain Children from poor families and the working class started work as soon as possible Low wages and unemployment meant that families needed children's wages to survive Children worked in factories especially in the textile industry, in mining and as chimney sweeps Being small was an advantage because children were able to fit into small spaces and run between the machines

3. Working conditions for children during the industrial revolution Working conditions were very bad and often dangerous Children worked long hours, many were beaten and they were exposed to pollution from coal burning fires The noise from machines including looms was deafening In textile factories the air was filled with fluff with microscopic fibers which they breathed in causing lung disease Children's growth was stunted and their bodies deformed. Some children lost fingers and limbs. Children died in factories, cleaning chimneys and in the mines. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRdeformities.htm

4. Chad According to the UN in 2012 life expectancy was 49 and the average income was $1,258 USD Children starting school now will probably finish grade 7 The population size is about 11 million. 80% of the economy is agricultural, while 20% is service and industrial Chad began producing oil in 2003 It has one of the most corrupt governments in the world http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/chad_econ_1969.jpg

5. According to UNICEF 53% of children between 5 and 14 work in some form of child labour, and 42.2% attend school Girls are much less likely to attend school Most child labour is in agriculture, domestic service, or in the military Some of these children are orphans or separated from their families Most girls are married before 18 and there is a custom of buying and selling child brides who are often then forced to work long hours in agricultural labour or as domestic workers Children have been forced into various military groups Children in the military serve as cooks, spies, soldiers, bearers, messengers, and prostitutes Children working as herders often work in isolated areas and risk injury from animals including being gored or trampled Child Labour in Chad

6. Similarities between child labour in the industrial revolution and Chad In both cases child labour is a significant part of the economy and very young children under 12 work long hours Poverty and financial need motivate families then and now to send children off to work During the industrial revolution and in Chad child labour results in significant injuries and harm to the children Concerns about child labour lead to laws being passed to protect children but the laws are not always enforced Concerns about child labour lead to laws being passed to protect children but the laws are not always enforced http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/html/story.asp? NewsID=37530&Cr=chad&Cr1=#.Utww83876SM http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/ childlabor.html

7. Differences between child labour in the industrial revolution and in Chad Children in Chad primarily work in agriculture, domestic service or are in the military Child labour in the industrial revolution was primarily in factories especially textile mills, mining and as chimney sweeps http://www.humanium.org/en/chad/ http://goldenagepaintings.blogspot.ca/2 010/09/childhood-and-child-labour-in- british.html http://www.victorianweb.org/history/hist8.html

8. Another difference is that in the industrial revolution opposition to child labour came mostly from groups inside the country In Chad opposition to child labour includes groups in the country, and outside like UNICEF and other governments Reformers in Britain succeeded in getting rid of child labour and we need to work to eliminate child labour in Chad