1. Celtic, Latin and Scandinavian Influences on Old English

2. CELTIC INFLUENCE
500 B.C.
The first people in England. They lived on the corners of the Island.
Celtic words from 1- the continent, 2- settlement and 3- Ireland.
The Anglo-Saxons did not integrate with the Celts.
Words such as: car, slogan, magician, London, Thames, Buckinghamshire.

3. Three elements: 1st Element (ancient Britons)
Cume: valley; crag: lake; binn: basket.
2nd Element (Normans from Gaul)
Ribbon; car; button; brain.
3rd Element (Highlands from Scotland, Ireland, Wales through literature)
Slogan; log; dog.

4. Latin Influence There were three Latin influences on Old English:
Continental borrowing (Latin influence of the Zero Period)
Latin through Celtic Transmission (Latin influence of the First Period)
The Christianizing of Britain (Latin Influence of the Second Period)

5. Continental borrowing (Latin influence of the Zero Period)
Fourth Century
Direct contact on the continent.
This intercourse was due to trade.
Words related to war such as battle.

6. Latin through Celtic Transmission (Latin influence of the First Period)
No direct contact.
The Celts transmitted words such as “Ceaster” (in Latin, castra meaning camp)
Other words: gate, mountain, tower, village.

7. The Christianizing of Britain (Latin Influence of the Second Period)
Introduction of Christianity in 597.
St. Augustine’s mission.
Building of churches and establishment of monasteries.
Words such as: nun, minster, abbot, candle.

8. The Benedictine Reform
Decline of the Church by the end of the eighth century.
King Alfred
Claim for reform: Dunstan, Athelwold and Oswald.
Words such as: demon, cedar, cancer, tiger.

9. Scandinavian Influence
The Viking Age lasted roughly from the middle of the eighth century to the beginning of the eleventh. The Vikings were the Germanic tribes of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Denmark.

10. First Period: Early raids
789 A.D
The Vikings: raided and plundered Britain; travelled in long ships; pillaged and conquered.

11. Second Period: Extensive settlement
865 A.D
They descended on England to stay and destroyed the political organization of the Island.
King Alfred restored monasteries and churches.
Treaty of Wedmore.

12. Third Period: Political adjustment and assimilation
Closed and democratic relationship.
Language of England: mixture of North Germanic, Scandinavian and Latin borrowings.
Words such as: they, are, Robertson, Derby, birth, give, happy, both.

13. Wing
Sky
Skirt
Ill
Kid

14. THANK YOU !
Bruno, Lucrecia