1. Lecture 6. September 8, 2008 Finish Chondrichthyes 1. SHARKS & RAYS a. reproduction b. notable shark & ray orders c. shark conservation 2. Sarcopterygii vs. Actinopterygii 3. Story of the coelacanth a. Coelacanth biology b. Lungfish biology

2. mermaid’s purses

3. Lemon Shark Giving Birth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfQgRCg1bNA

4. Whale Shark

5. whale shark video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQrBw N39LJIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQrBw N39LJI

6. goblin shark

7. megamouth

8. megamouth video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxhqB mnZv8Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxhqB mnZv8Q start at 2:10

9. thresher shark (Alopiidae)

10. thresher shark video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQrrW9 VRMFQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQrrW9 VRMFQ start at 5:30

11. basking sharks

12. great white shark

13. great white shark video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2FIna OCqoohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2FIna OCqoo

14. Order Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks) Family Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks) Largest Order - 8 families, 210 species Tiger shark Hammerhead shark

15. Order Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks) Family Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks) Bull shark Oceanic white tip shark Silky shark

16. Shark attacks on humans 35 to 55 unprovoked attacks each year 6 to 11 fatalities per year 54% of attacks on surfers/windsurfers 38% on swimmers/waders 6% on divers/snorkelers Regions with most shark attacks:

17. Shark attacks on humans 35 to 55 unprovoked attacks each year 6 to 11 fatalities per year 54% of attacks on surfers/windsurfers 38% on swimmers/waders 6% on divers/snorkelers Regions with most shark attacks: South Africa - 63 attacks from 1990 to 2003 Brazil - 57 “ “ “ “ Australia - 51

18. Shark attacks on humans 35 to 55 unprovoked attacks each year 6 to 11 fatalities per year 54% of attacks on surfers/windsurfers 38% on swimmers/waders 6% on divers/snorkelers Regions with most shark attacks: South Africa - 63 attacks from 1990 to 2003 Brazil - 57 “ “ “ “ Australia - 51 Florida - 311

19. dogfish sharks (Squalidae) dogfish shark http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/SpinyDogfish/spinydogfish.html

20. saw sharks pointed snout used to thrash and incapacitate small fishes

21. electric rays (Torpedinidae)

22. sawfish (Pristidae)

23. More sawfish pictures

24. Skates (Rajidae)

25. Myliobatiformes Sting rays (Dasyatidae)

26. Myliobatiformes Sting rays

27. Myliobatiformes Manta rays (Myliobatidae)

28. Weblinks: great white : http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/whaleshark/whaleshark.htmlhttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/whaleshark/whaleshark.html megamouth: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Sharks/Megamouth/mega.htmhttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Sharks/Megamouth/mega.htm thresher: http://www.new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/species/thresher.htmlhttp://www.new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/species/thresher.html hammerhead: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SmHammer/SmoothHammerhead.htmlhttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SmHammer/SmoothHammerhead.html sawfish: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/education/sawfishbrochure.pdfhttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/education/sawfishbrochure.pdf manta ray: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/MantaRay/MantaRay.html http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/MantaRay/MantaRay.html for ground and requiem sharks (family Carcharinidae), skates (family Rajidae), and sting rays (Dasyatidae) go to the following website and look up some details about one or two species. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/bioprofile.htm There is tons of really cool stuff on sharks at the Florida Museum of Natural History website. We could spend a lot of time on each of the various orders and families in the Elasmobranchii. Instead, I want you to look up something about each of the following groups. Find one or two facts that are of interest to you.

29. shark conservation soupfin sharks porbeagle direct targets of fisheries - two examples

30. shark conservation sharks as by-catch

31. Blue Shark - Common by-catch in swordfish fisheries blue shark swordfish

32. Discerning Characters of Sarcopterygii vs. Actinopterygii

33. Fleshy, lobed pectoral, pelvic, anal and second dorsal fin lobed, fleshy parts go up into fins

34. Class Sarcopterygii Three major living groups Coelacanthimorpha-coelacanths (two species) Dipnoi-lungfishes (six species) Tetrapoda (all non-fish vertebrates)

35. Order Coelacanthiformes Fossil record extends from M. Devonian (370 Ma) to Cretaceous (65Ma)

36. Order Coelacanthiformes Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer

39. Order Coelacanthiformes Smith describes the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, discovered in 1939, a true living fossil

40. Bony plates Diphycercal tail Teeth 0n hard plates

44. Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer Brass plate at Latimer's Landing East London.

45. Order Coelacanthiformes “New” populaiton discovered at Sulawesi, Indonesia 1997

46. Order Coelacanthiformes “New” populaiton discovered at Sulawesi, Indonesia 1997 DNA analyses indicate divergence from L. chalumnae at 5.0-11.0 Ma Described as a new species L. menadoensis

47. Order Coelacanthiformes