1. Cosmetic surgery risks

2. Cosmetic surgery
Cosmetic surgery is an optional procedure that is performed on normal parts of the body with the only purpose of improving a person’s appearance and/or removing signs of aging. Cosmetic surgery is one of the medical specialty concerned with the "correction" or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best- known kind of plastic surgery.

3. Vocabulary
Grafting: Transplant (living tissue) as a graft Tingling: Experience or cause to experience a slight prickling or stinging sensation. Steroids: Any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins. Constriction: The action of making something narrower by pressure or of becoming narrower; tightening. Inflammation: A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.

4. Pictures of first person to undergo plastic surgery
Walter sustained terrible facial injuries including the loss of upper and lower eyelids while manning the guns aboard HMS Warspite in 1916.
In 1917 he was treated by Sir Harold Gillies - the first man to use skin grafts from undamaged areas on the body - and know as 'the father of plastic surgery'.
Walter Yeo is thought to be the first patient to benefit from his newly-developed technique - a form of skin grafting called 'tubed pedical'.
Walter Yeo before (left) and after the skin graft surgery

5. Top 5 risk of cosmetic surgery
1) Scarring: Scarring is an issue and whilst every effort is made to minimize them they do still occur. This is more of a problem with ethnic minorities who, because of their darker skins are prone to thicker, raised scars or 'keloid' scars. 2) Infection: The risk of infection after cosmetic surgery is less than 1% and antibiotics reduce this risk dramatically. People who smoke, take steroids or have certain vascular conditions are at greater risk. The longer your surgery lasts and the more blood you lose, the more likely you are to have an infection 3) Necrosis: It is a death of tissues due to insufficient supply of oxygen to the operated area. The risk is very rare in normal cosmetic surgeries but in plastic surgeries involving face lifts, breast reductions, tummy tucks, there is a possibility of Necrosis. It increases with sudden inflammation. Smokers are very prone to this possibility as blood vessel constriction and relatively less oxygen supply. It is generally treated in early stages by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

6. 4) Paralysis or less severe nerve damage: In very rare, extreme cases nerve damage can occur characterized by numbness and tingling sensation. Generally the nerve damage can last not more than 1 year. 5) Need for secondary surgeries/dissatisfaction with results: Not every surgery is successful, and unlike most 'medically necessary' surgery, the success of plastic surgery is quite subjective. Unsatisfactory aesthetic results (including contour irregularities, asymmetry, excessive or unfavorable scarring, etc.) can be disheartening or even devastating for some patients. Worse yet, the unluckiest of patients can be left with persistent pain, damage to vital tissues, or even nerve damage/localized paralysis.

7. Before After(Disaster)

9. Before After (Good surgery)

11. American teenagers resort to plastic surgery to beat bullies

12. Conversation 1) What is your opinion about cosmetic surgery?
2) Will you ever opt for such surgery?
3) Natural /home remedies or plastic/cosmetic surgery? Why?