1. DR :TAGWA MIRGHANI

2.  Is a group of tissue that involve with supporting the tooth.  This tissue are gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cemuntum, periodontal ligament,and alveolar bone.

4.  Dental plaque is the principal etiological factor of periodontal disease.  Periodontal damage is consequence of colonization of gingival sulcus by organism with in dental plaque.

5.  Dental plaque.baiofilm firmly adherent mass of bacteria con not be rinsed off but can be removed by brushing..plaque collect on irregular surface of the mouth...

6. Periodontal disease can be Gingivitis, Periodontitis. Symptoms: -bleeding gum. -Swollen red gum. -Receding gum.

7. -Gums pulling away from teeth. -black/ yellow deposits on teeth. -Loose or sensitive teeth. -Bad breath ( halitosis).

8. Causes: 1.Poor oral hygiene. 2.Hormonal changes. 3.Certain medications. 4.Poor nutrition. 5.ILL fitting dentures and braces. 6.Smoking. 7.Diabetes. 8.HIV infections.

9. .it contain more than 10*6 bacterial species..there are direct correlation between the amount of plaque and severity of periodontal disease

10.  Calculus :.calcified dental plaque also called mineralized form of dental plaque.

12.  Gingival disease : *plaque induce :.plaque only.systemic.medication

13. non plaque induce:.bacterial.viral.fungal.systemic.trauma.foreign body

15.  Aggressive periodontitis  Chronic periodontitis  Periodontitis as manifestation of systemic disease

16.  Periodontitis as manifestation of systemic disease  Aggressive periodontitis  Chronic periodontitis

17.  Necrotizing periodontal disease  Periodontal abscess  Periodontitis associated by endocrine disease  congenital

19.  Study of the extent of disease with in population group.  Periodontal disease are very common and the severs form of it affects more than 10-15% of population.  30-35% of tooth extraction due it periodontal disease. and 50% due to caries.

20.  Marginal bleeding index (MBI):.Clinical test by using periodontal probe around gingival sulcus. Percentage scores obtained by dividing by the number of the tooth and multiply the result by 100.

22.  Plaque index:. presence or absence of dental plaque on mesial,distal,lingual and buccal surface of the tooth..obtained by using disclosing agent.which is chewed by pts to

23. determine the accumulation of plaque. Percentage obtained by divided the number of surface with plaque by the total number of the teeth multiply 100