1. Learning Objective To be able to describe the advantage and disadvanatages of different slimming tablets Key words: Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats, Cholesterol, Statins, Cholesterol blockers B1 L1 Starter activity Estimate how many children we could feed in Africa for a year if all the money spend on slimming plans in the UK for a year was instead spend on feeding them 48,000,000 48 Million children 2 Billion pounds is spend on slimming plans every year

2. Good Better Best Able to analyse and extract information from a graph to make a conclusion of the effectiveness of slimming plans Able to complete an exam question Success Criteria At the end of this lesson it will be: Able to state sources of saturated and unsaturated fats

3. Where does the fat we eat go? Ever wondered where the fat in foods goes? Here's more about what it does in our bodies.... 1. Brain When arteries get clogged up this can stop blood getting to the right parts of our brain and can cause strokes. 2. Heart Arteries carry blood around our bodies. Over time, too much saturated fat can clog up our arteries and restrict the blood supply to our heart which can cause chest pain (angina) and if completely blocked heart attacks. 3. Pancreas Eating too much fat can make us put on weight. Being overweight or obese can stop our pancreas from producing enough insulin and cause type 2 diabetes. 4. Bowel Being overweight increases our risk of getting bowel cancer - but a diet high in fibre and low in saturated fat keeps our bowel healthy and reduces the risk. 5. Body If we eat too much fat we store the fat in our bodies which can lead us to put on weight.

4. Types of fat – Saturated Fat Saturated fat Most people in the UK eat too much saturated fat: about 20% more than the recommended maximum, according to the British Dietetic Association. Eating a diet high in saturated fat can cause the level of cholesterol in your blood to build up over time. Raised cholesterol increases your risk of heart disease. Foods high in saturated fat include fatty cuts of meat and cheeses

5. Trans fats Trans fats are found naturally at low levels in some foods, such as those from animals, including meat and dairy products. Unsaturated fats Eating unsaturated fats instead of saturated can help lower blood cholesterol. Unsaturated fat, such as omega-3 essential fatty acids, is found in: oily fish such as salmon, sardines and mackerel nuts and seeds sunflower and olive oils Unsaturated fats are also found in fruit and vegetables, such as avocados. Types of fat – Unsaturated Fat

6. Learning objective check Good Able to state sources of saturated and unsaturated fats

7. What happens if you eat too much Saturated Fat? If you eat too much of the saturated fat, and your genetically susceptible, your blood cholesterol level will rise, and also you gain weight. People with high blood cholesterol are at increased risk of developing diseases of the heart and blood vessels

8. Weight Problems Obesity is caused by taking in more energy (through food) than your body uses. Excess is stored as fat. Health issues linked with obesity… To lose body mass a person should: Reduce food intake (particularly of high energy) Exercise more (using more energy) Best way = BOTH! Keyword: “Deficiency” (of mineral ions) Keyword: “Deficiency” (of mineral ions) Evaluating slimming products. What evidence is there that really work?

9. Slimming plans To lose weight, or lower Blood cholesterol many people buy slimming products. Many of these products do not work, the advert below shows an advert tries to get people to buy their slimming product. The claims in the advert are not based on scientific research and so are not reliable. ¾ of products tested made false claims Medical experts say there is only one way to lose weight: Eat healthy foods keeping energy intake below use and to exercise.

10. KEY QUESTION: In addition to taking a “slimming aid”, what else should Jodie be doing to lose body mass? Why?

11. Learning objective check Better Able to analyse and extract information from a graph to make a conclusion of the effectiveness of slimming plans

12. Use the information on the left to calculate the BMI and give dietary and medical advice to each of the following people. NameMass (kg)Height (m)BMIAdvice Mr X Miss P Mrs Q 70 65 54 1.90 1.43 1.74 19.4 31.8 17.8 BMI = mass in kg (height in m) 2 Underweight <18 Normal 19-24 Overweight 25 - 29 Obese >30 Name 2 sources of: Saturated fat: Unsaturated fat: Name two factors that influence blood cholesterol levels. Diet trials a study into slimming plans compared 4 popular commercial weight-loss programmes with a control group: Slim Fast : a meal replacement approach Weight watchers: An energy-controlled diet with weekly group meetings Dr. Atkins diet: a self monitored low carbohydrate Rosemary conleys : a low fat diet and a weekly group exercise class 300 people matched for age, sex and mass were randomly divided into 5 groups for the study. Figure 2 shows data from the study. b. Which variables were controlled in the study>? C what feature of the study made it a ‘fair test’ between the weight-loss programmes? D what was the most effective programme in the first 2 months? E Explain as fully as you can why a plan like the rosemary conley Could help you lose weight?

13. Inheritance, exercise & health Inherited factors affect your health. Examples: Metabolic rate (how easy it is to lose body mass) Body mass Cholesterol Keyword: “Cholesterol” Keyword: “Cholesterol” The importance of exercise & its effect on health (e.g. Lowers blood cholesterol)

14. Past paper question (1) (2)

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16. Examiners comments

17. Learning objective check Best Able to complete an exam question

18. Plenary (Exit ticket) Write 2 things you’ve learnt today that you can use in everyday life.

19. Why does a person become malnoushired? Their diet is not balanced Give two signs of malnourishment. Overweight / underweight Deficiency disesase Complete the table to evaluate the use of statins and cholesterol blockers for treating high cholesterol levels. What two nutrients do we need in small amounts to maintain good health. Vitamins Minerals Use the information on the left to work out the BMI for the following people. What dietary and medical advice would you give to each? State three things that affect metabolic rate: Activity Levels The ratio of fat to muscle in the body Genes (inherited factors) Define metabolic rate is the rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out. Name the three major nutrient groups and state why we need each Carbohydrate – energy source Fat – energy, make hormones, insulation Protein – build new cells Name two factors that influence blood cholesterol levels. Diet Genes NameMass (kg)Height (m)BMIAdvice Mr X Miss P Mrs Q 70 65 54 1.90 1.43 1.74 19.4 31.8 17.8 Healthy Obese –eat less fat and sugar; exercise more Underweight – increase calorie intake What are statins and chloesterol blockers used for? Explain how each works. Drugs that lower blood cholesterol. Statins block enzyme in liver. Cholesterol blockers reduce dietary absorption. DrugAdvantagesDisadvantages Statins Cholesterol blockers Can lower cholesterol to zero Good for people with high cholesterol due to genetics Good for people with high cholesterol due to diet Less side effects than statins Need cholesterol to make hormones etc Potentially fatal side effects Can interact badly with other drugs. Can cause diarrhoea. Name three important things in the body cholesterol is used for. Cell membranes Steroid hormones Bile BMI = mass in kg (height in m) 2 Underweight <18 Normal 19-24 Overweight 25 - 29 Obese >30 Explain the link between cholesterol and heart disease. If you have a high ratio of LDLs to HDLs you have an increased risk of heart disease. This encourages cholesterol to be deposited in the walls of coronary arteries, Blockage prevents glucose and oxygen reaching the heart muscle so heart muscle cells cannot respire so die. Name a source of: Saturated fat: Meat, dairy, eggs Unsaturated fat: olive oil, peanuts, corn oil, sunflower oil, oily fish, margarine How can you change the fat intake in your diet to reduce cholesterol? Eat less saturated fats and more unsaturated