1. Future Trends in Tourism and Transport
Lecture : 12

2. Sustainable Transport
A series of stages when developing a sustainable tourism transport network:
First stage: analysis of existing policy frameworks, infrastructure & available data on market.
Second stage: re-appraise existing land use & assess future proposals for tourism development (i.e. core sustainability indicators)
Third stage: installation of work undertaken in stage two, in form of policy guidance or documentation.
Final stage: implementation and continuous monitoring in terms of both, software & hardware requirements of tourism transport network.

3. Sustainable Transport (continued 1)
Concern with sustainable transport can be sketched in two ways:
Control & regulation of emissions.
Availability of alternative means of power in light of peak oil problem.

4. Space Tourism: New Frontier(s)?
Space travel is the best way of minimizing environmental impacts of air transport, but space travel has its own environmental issues.
It is necessary to position space tourism development in wider context of transport.
At the end of 2005, three individuals have been in earth orbit as passengers (i.e. not as members of a scientific crew) “Dennis Tito” & “Mark Shuttleworth”.

5. Space Tourism: New Frontier(s)? (Continued 1)
Future of tourism & transport, involves space.
In fact, it may involve other planetary bodies.
In sep 2005, United States, announced that it will go to the moon & a few months later, reports emerged that china will head to moon by 2017.
Space tourism is quickly becoming the latest niche product involving transport.

6. Space Tourism: New Frontier(s)? (Continued 2)
There are several forms of space tourism:
Near-earth orbit: reach tourist masses
Low-earth orbit, high-speed aircraft: boeing announced its “Sonic Cruiser”, designed to fly at supersonic speeds.
Terrestrial-based space tourism activities: including attractions and events such as; space shuttle launches & tours to locations around the world where solar eclipses would be visible.

7. Future Trends and Issues in Tourism and Transport
Airline industry seems to change on almost daily basis.
New routes being introduced & security screening systems introduced.
Rail transport tends to move slightly slower.

8. Rail Travel: Limited to Niche Markets?
Rail travel will likely to continue to appeal to niche markets, but may face difficulties with any attempt to re-establish itself as a prime mode of transport for tourists between origin & destination.

9. Shifting Demographics
As tourist flows take place between advanced or western countries, suggest that many older people wish to enjoy activities & entertainment that they enjoyed in their youth and they have more disposable income to spend on those activities.
Coupled with ageing are overall population levels.
In less developed countries, “Africa & Asia”, population levels are predicted to rise at much faster rate than more developed countries “Europe & Australia”.
Tourist & migration traffic between less developed countries & more developed countries will likely increase.

10. Cruise Tourism: Riding the Wave of Shifting Demographics
Cruise tourism will continue to enjoy growth.
The major growth areas in cruise tourism will not be traditional regions such as Mediterranean or Caribbean, rather growth in Asia and Gulf region (e.g. India, Bahrain)

11. Non-Western Domestic Tourism and Transport Growth
In recent years, several countries around the world have capitalized on global economic growth by enhancing internal transport modes.
Inbound tourism is expected to grow at a healthy rate.
India suggest that domestic air travel is expected to grow 25% over next five years, by allowing private companies to provide air services as “air taxis”

12. Open Skies & Liberalization of Global Air Transport Industry
With increasingly globalised economic climate, open skies agreements will continue to increase in number, with liberalisation efforts extending beyond simple scheduling and capacity elements to include owenership and effective control.
A move towards multilateral systems will continue to grow.

13. Capacity Concerns
Capacity is likely to be a key issue in economic sustainability of international transport.
Growing capacity without reductions in costs, may result in future capital losses for air transport industry as investors see fewer returns.
For time being, global airline passenger traffic is increasing.

14. Information Technology
IT trends in transport industry will continue to evolve to benefit of passenger.
IT infrastructure has altered distribution channels within all modes of transport (particularly through GDS), and this extend towards providing wireless internet access during a journey.
The more common IT initiatives in transport generally revolve around service provisions for passengers (e.g. on-board entertainment).

15. Text book
Duval D. (2007). Tourism and Transport: Modes, Networks and Flows. Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications. (Chapter 9)