1. Philosophy and its role in society Department of Philosophy and Psyhology Lecturer: PhD, docent Elena Shevchenko For all specialities

2. Lection’s plan Philosophy and its role in society 2 The pluralistic nature of philosophical knowledge  Interpretations of Philosophy Subject of Philosophy  Ontology  Epistemology  Social Philosophy  Philosophical anthropology Functions of Philosophy Philosophy and world view  Levels of world view  «Images of the world».

3. Requirements for knowledge and skills 3 Knowledge  Features of the subject of philosophy  The basic functions of Philosophy  Specificity of philosophical knowledge (pluralistic)  Structure of philosophical knowledge Skills  Be able to describe the relationship between Philosophy and world view  Be able to orientate in the different levels of the world view  Be able to give a brief description of the images of the world.

4. Contents Philosophy and its role in society 4 1.Main concepts 2.Academic material 3.Questions for self-examination 4.Recommended books

5. Basic concepts What is Philosophy? 5  Anthropology  Being  Epistemology  Dialectics  Principle  Idealism  Concept  Logics  Methodology  World view  Philosophy of nature  Ontology

6. Academic material The pluralistic nature of philosophical knowledge 6 Interpretations of Philosophy. Philosophy can be defined in terms of the interpretation (Philosophy as a…) The love to wisdom (phileo – love, sofia – wisdom); The search of truth (Pythagoras, Heraclitus…) Learning wisdom (sophistry) – “philosophize archly”. Knowledge of first principles and causes of being (Aristotle) Thinking (attention to the sense, the meaning of words). “Aletheia” – «remove cover» (thinking about things); Theory (speculation), based on the principle and word (Logos). Art (reference to ideals) «Spiritual work» - “work with consciousness” (М. Mamardashvili)

7. Epistemology and philosophical anthropology: This is the analysis of the general questions of knowledge (epistemology: gnozis – knowledge, logos – doctrine, theory): whether the world is knowable, what are the methods and goals of knowledge, what is the subject and object of knowledge? It is the study of the general issues of human being (philosophical anthropology) Ontology and Social Philosophy It is the study of the general questions of being (ontology: ontos– existing и logos – doctrine (theory of being)): being and no being; material and ideal existence; and being of society, nature and human being. It is study of general issues of functioning and development of the society (social philosophy). Academic material Subject of Philosophy 7

8. The specificity of philosophical theory Categories and principles of philosophical theory are universal, its apply to both the nature, society and human thought. Academic material The specificity and function of Philosophy 8 Functions of philosophy Worldview Methodological Predictive Critical (anti-dogmatic) Social (explanation of social life and to contribute to its material and spiritual change).

9. Academic material Worldview 9 Worldview – is a set of the general views on the world and human’s place in the world. The concept of “worldview” is more wide than the term “philosophy” (the first includes the second). Types of worldviews are mythological, artistic, religious, scientific. Worldview and Philosophy – are the results of reflection of the world. There are different levels of depth of reflection

10. Academic material Levels of worldview 10 Attitude and view of the world is a reflection on the level of feelings: fixing some external manifestations of life, the world of phenomena, but not essence. In the process of perception of the world and view about the world there is a whole worldview, indicated the relationship between processes and phenomena, but worldview is more limited by sense experience. World understanding is reflected by means of concepts. This is a worldview that can uncover patterns and the nature of the phenomena and processes. Philosophy represents this level

11. Рисунок М. Heidegger: Human represent the world as a picture; Human understand the world as a picture; The world turns into a picture; Human conquers the world as a picture; Picture of the world is the image of the “essence”. And worldview is the relation of human to the “essence”. Academic material «The picture of the world» 11

12. Рисунок Science world view – is a way of modeling the reality that exists outside of specifics scientific disciplines but on its basic. And it is characterized by universality. It is the totality of scientific knowledge about the world as a result of all special sciences at this stage of development of human society. Naive world view based on the work of folklorists, ethnographers, cultural scientists, linguists. The naïve view of the world is a system of representations used by the person regardless of his knowledge.. Academic material Science and naive world view 12

13. Academic material Philosophical, artistic and cultural world view 13 Attitude and worldview (reflection on the level of feelings): it is the fixation of certain external manifestations of life.It is the world of phenomena but not the world of essences. World perception and imagination of the world. It is a whole picture of the world, denoted the relationship of processes and phenomena, but worldview is limited by experience. Worldview is a reflection by concepts. It can reveal patterns and nature of the phenomena and processes. Philosophy is this level.

14. Acquired knowledge 14  Knowledge of the subject of philosophy and its socio-cultural values  Knowledge of the philosophical concepts and categories.  Knowledge the specific of the philosophy and its function in society  Knowledge of the structure of philosophical knowledge and methods of philosophical studies.

15. Questions for self-examinations 15  What is Philosophy and how was the process of formation of philosophical knowledge?  What are the aim and purpose of Philosophy?  What is the subject of philosophical research?  What is the relation between Philosophy and Science?  What are the parts of philosophical structure?  What is the range of questions of ontology?  What is the main issue of anthropology?  Explain the construction of a modern picture of the world, based on the function of Philosophy.

16. Recommended books 16 1.Alexeev P.V., Panin A.V. Philosophy. – М., 1997. 2.Introduction to Philosophy: Textbook for higher education. – М., 2003. 3.Philosophy: Textbook for higher education/Edited by V.N. Lavrinenko, V.P. Ratnikov. – М., 2001. 4. Ilyin V. History of Philosophy: Textbook for higher education. – St. Petersburg., 2003. 5. Karatiny R. Introduction to Philosophy. – М., 2003. 6. Modern Philosophical Dictionary. – М., 1998. 7. Plank M. The meaning and limits of exact science. / Questions of Philosophy, №5, 1996, p.44.