1. Page 1 AASHTO/SCOHT Subcommittee on Highway Transport 94 th Annual Meeting Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Presented by: Chuck Horan, Director Office of Carrier, Driver and Vehicle Safety Standards Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration July 2013

2. Bridge Hits Heavy Truck Safety Work Zone Safety 2 Overview

3. Bridge hits are preventable GPS for CMV Design Use Visor Card Outreach and Education 3 Bridge Hits (PPPPP) Crash Trucks

4. CSA is an important initiative to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of FMCSA’s enforcement and compliance program to achieve the agency’s mission to reduce commercial motor vehicle (CMV) crashes, fatalities, and injuries. 4 CSA

5. Vehicle DriverAccident Driver Fitness Vehicle Maintenance Controlled Substance / Alcohol Cargo- Related Crash Indicator Fatigued Driving (HOS) Unsafe Driving SafeStat: Safety Evaluation Areas (SEAs) CSMS: Behavior Analysis Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) Out-of-Service Violations Certain Moving Violations Crash Reports All Safety-based Violations with Risk-based Severity Weights Crash Reports National Training Center 5 Previous System (SafeStat) vs. SMS

6. New CSA 2010 Safety Measurement System (SMS) began including roadside inspection Size and Weight violations (392.2W) – SafeStat did NOT In CSA 2010 Operational Model Test – Carriers with a pattern of S/W violations were being identified for an investigation – S/W one of the most frequently cited violations uploaded to FMCSA (~440k/ 2 years) CSA BASIC and Weight Violations (circa 2010)

7. Federal and State Work Group (FSWG) and Field Enforcement expressed frustration SIs influence change and address safety issues through Compliance Review (CR) – CR is not designed to address something that is exclusively state law – No FMCSA federal equivalent regulations for S/W Lack authority to address and pursue S/W issues State Enforcement Issue S&W Background, Cont.

8. Recommended Option: Short term Remove S/W violations from SMS Cargo Related BASIC assessment Recommended Option: Long term Partner with FHWA Perform analytical study in cooperation with FHWA to more formally establish the relationship of S/W and safety Recommended Option

9. Level 1 - Driver and Vehicle Level 2 – Driver and Vehicle Walk Around Level 3 – Driver & Credential Inspection American Standard Inspection Levels

10. Weight citations with inspections (2009)

11. For comparison 2009 Truck OOS Rate 21.6% 2009 CMV Inspections with Weight Violations

12. 357 vehicle combinations inspected (Level 1) 684 weight violations (over axle/over gross/bridge) 569 brakes over adjustment limits 175 inspections with a Vehicle OOS (49%) 156 tire weight rating OOS violations 2010 Louisiana Overweight Study

13. Different State Agencies weigh trucks and inspect trucks State Policies on performing Level 2,3 inspections on overweight trucks Inspector safety considerations? Why so few overweight trucks inspected?

14. Assessment of Relationship to Crashes FactorPercent of Trucks Coded Relative Risk Ratio Danger Index Brakes out-of- adjustment 19.42%1.6131.27 Brake deficiency10.41%1.4314.89 Overweight4.93%1.627.99 Tire deficiency5.42%1.377.43 Cargo shift3.981.857.36 Cargo load securement 2.96%1.795.31 Brakes inoperative2.05%1.573.22 Tire failure0.74%1.71.26 Transmission failure0.89%1.831.63 LTCCS

15. 15 Heavy Vehicle Data Collection Effort CVSA/FMCSA/FHWA Purpose: To gather data to determine, impact heavier weights have on a vehicle’s structural components, motor carrier safety violations, and safety. Duration: January 15 th, 2012 – January 15 th, 2014 Vehicle Selection: a heavy vehicle should be included: 1.) When it is weighed and found to be over the allowable: (a) axle weight; and/or (b) axle group weight; and/or (c) gross vehicle weight for the roadway on which it is operating. OR 2.) When operating under a special permit for weight.

16. 2012 Data (1 year) 4684 Inspections 27 States Illinois – 1732 inspections 1025 Vehicle Inspections with Weight Citations

17. General Inspection Information State No. Overweight CMV Inspections No. CMV OOS CMV OOS RateState No. Overweight CMV Inspections No. CMV OOS CMV OOS Rate AK10330.00%MT19842.11% AL16637.50%NC43617439.91% AR23312252.36%NE33014844.85% CA40313834.24%NJ211257.14% CO16956.25%NM10055.00% CT2150.00%OK15533.33% FL16531.25%OR2428434.71% ID482245.83%SC1025049.02% IL173245326.15%TN28211340.07% KS8675.00%UT44100.00% KY1022726.47%VA1845027.17% MD782937.18%WA23112353.25% ME14535.71%WY361541.67% MS4125.00% TOTAL4684161834.54%

18. Vehicle Maintenance Basic OOS Rate Above 80Below 80No Rank CMVsOOS OOS Rate CMVsOOS OOS RateCMVsOOS OOS Rate 66536955.49%242561425.32%159463539.84% Crash Basic OOS Rate Above 60Below 60No Rank CMVsOOS RateCMVs OOS RateCMVs OOS Rate 51715229.40%130631223.89%2861115440.34%

19. Combination CMV Distribution Combination CMV # CMVsOOS Rate 6 month Data Yes122945.40% No24641.87% 12 month Data Yes347338.27% No121123.86%

20. Permitted CMV Distribution Permitted CMV# CMVsOOS Rate 6 month Data Yes25832.56% No112747.41% 12 month Data Yes39435.79% No429034.43%

21. OOS Violation Frequency (Top 12) OOS Violation Number of CMVs with Violation BRAKES OUT OF SERVICE: THE NUMBER OF DEFECTIVE BRAKES IS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 20%591 Inoperative/defective brakes113 Inoperative Turn Signal104 Brake tubing and hose adequacy101 Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts & accessories110 INSUFFICIENT BRAKE LININGS63 Axle positioning parts defective / missing84 Stop lamp violations71 Weight carried exceeds tire load limit50 INADEQUATE BRAKES FOR SAFE STOPPING (Brake components)65 Tire-flat and/or audible air leak64 Flat tire or fabric exposed63

22. OOS Violations (All CMVs)

23. Distribution of Weight Violations Weight ViolationNo. of ViolationsCMVs with ViolationCMVs OOSOOS Rate 392.2-SLLEWA150643418843.32% 392.2-SLLEWA231827811641.73% 392.2-SLLEWA375603253.33% 392.2-SLLEWG1101954547.37% 392.2-SLLEWG278684261.76% 392.2-SLLEWG387693855.07% 392.2W1471295038.76%

24. What does it mean? Inspections with No 392W Violations# CMV OOSCMV OOS Rate 3659116531.84% All Inspections in Data Collection Effort# CMV OOSCMV OOS Rate 4684161834.54% Inspections with 392W Violations# CMV OOSCMV OOS Rate 102545344.20%

25. Heavy and Overweight Stopping Distance Testing 2012 5 axle tractor semitrailer

26. Legend 92,000 96,000 98,000 100,000 102,000 104,000 106,000 108,000 112,000 116,000+ Max Weight 5 Axles Florida, Wyoming, & Michigan – Allowed up to 122,000 on 5 axles. NY & NJ – Allowed up to 126,000 on 5 axles. Massachusetts & Connecticut– Allowed up to 128,000 on 5 axles. Mississippi –Allows more weight depending on axle spacing's & routes. Wisconsin – Allowed up to 142,000 on 5 axles.

27. Heavy Overweight Brake Testing Impact on brake performance with increasing load Impact on brake performance with brake degradation on tractor and trailer (20%)

28. FY 2012 Testing Reduced Stopping Distance Tractor New brakes/drums/tires Performed complete - FMVSS 121 burnish 20 mph, 60 mph stopping distance tests 1. Best Effectiveness 2. 20% brakes out trailer 3. 20% brakes out tractor.

30. Testing 2013 6 axle combination vehicle testing 2013 heavy straight truck testing Continue heavy vehicle inspection data gathering 30 Future Plans…

31. Fatal Crashes Declined 2005-2010 233-117 Increased 2011 144 27% of work zone crashes involve Large Trucks 31 Work Zone Safety

32. Fatal Crashes More common than all large fatal crashes 32 Work Zone Safety

33. Chuck Horan Office Director - Carrier, Driver and Vehicle Safety Standards charles.horan@dot.gov Luke Loy Sr. Engineer Vehicle & Roadside Operations Division Luke.Loy@dot.gov 33 FMCSA Contact