1. Public Sector Energy Management Satish Kumar, Ph.D. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Public Sector Energy Management Workshop Mumbai, India September 20, 2005

2. Overview Motivation Benefits Activities Case Studies State-wide Energy Saving Potential

3. Positive Impact on Power Infrastructure According to Indian Ministry of Power  Power Capacity Position 11.3 % peak demand deficit (total installed – 112 GW) 7% supply deficit (total installed – 520 GWh)  Cost of building a Thermal Power Plant with 1 GW Generating Capacity = Rs. 4,000 crores (Approx. $900 million)  Energy Efficiency has the potential to create “generation capacity (negawatts)” of 25 GW by 2012 (According to Ministry of Power) = A saving of Rs. 1 trillion (Approx. $22.5 billion)

4. Government Sector: 10-20% of GDP

5. Benefits of Efficient Energy Management Saves government (taxpayers) money; Reduces the gap between energy demand and suppy; Reduces greenhouse gas emissions; Protects the environment and natural resources; and Contributes to the goal of energy independence.

6. Energy Management Activities in Public Sector Low-cost or no-cost measures  Education/Awareness campaigns  Better operation and maintenance  Focus of the presentation Capital improvement projects  Lighting system upgrade  Replacement/Upgrade of HVAC components/system  Summary report based on PWD Study  Details in PWD Presentation Energy efficient procurement  To be discussed in the afternoon workshop

7. Running an Effective Awareness Campaign

8. Plan the effort  Establish goals and objectives  Assess Resources Design and implement the program  Gather input from staff and management  Identify desired behaviour  Identify what motivates people  Specify activities  Develop budget and schedule

9. Running an Effective Awareness Campaign Evaluate and report results  Evaluate process  Evaluate results  Reporting and publicizing results Sustain the effort  Reach newcomers  Self-motivation/Awards  Commitment  Instituitionalization

10. Venue: JJ Hospital Campus, Mumbai Implementing Maharashtra Public Works Department Organization: (PWD) Classification: Low- and no-cost Measures Project Term:2001 to 2004 Planning Concept:Quality Circle and Deming Cycle JJ Hospital Case Study

11. Primary Energy Conservation Strategy  Creating awareness about energy conservation Catchy campaigns (use of easy to remember) slogans; Posters displayed at strategic locations (simple steps that people can take to conserve energy and minimize wastage) Secondary Energy Conservation Strategies  Use of natural daylight  Switching off equipment when unused  Plugging air leakage in AC rooms  Switching off water pumps when tank fills up JJ Hospital Case Study

12. Annual Energy and Cost Savings from the Project FY (April 1 st to March 31 st )Energy SavingsCost Savings FY2002473,000 kWhRs. 2.13 million (Approx. $50,000) FY2003229,000 kWhRs. 0.73 million (Approx. $17,000) FY2004110,000 kWhRs. 0.99 million (Approx. $23,000) Total Savings812,000 kWhRs. 3.85 million (Approx. $90,000)

13. MSEB Case Study VenuePrakashgadh Building, Mumbai Implementing Maharashtra State Electricity Board Organization(MSEB) Key StatisticsArea: 200,000 sq. ft. No. of People: 1,500 Classification Low-cost Energy Conservation Measures Benefits:Energy Savings in the range of 13-29% Cost Savings in the range of 12-27% Improved Power factor

14. MSEB Case Study Energy Conservation Measures  Changes in operating schedules  De-lamping of fixtures  Power factor correction panels  Education/Awareness campaign

15. MSEB Case Study Annual Energy and Cost Savings from the Project YearEnergy SavingsCost Savings 2003318,320 kWh (13.3%) Rs. 1.97 million (Approx. $46,000) (12.5%) 2004326,160 kWh (13.65%) Rs. 3.18 million (Approx. $71,500) (19.8%) 200529.6% from first five months 27% from first five months

16. Summary of Energy Saving Proposals Prepared by PWD 18 Departments  Public Health, Education, Public Works, Home, etc. Focus on three technologies  E+, CFLs, Solar Street Lighting  Energy savings: 34,000 MWh/year  Total investment in projects (needed): Rs. 86.78 crores Macro Benefits  Reduction in generation capacity: 18 MW  Investment avoided: Rs. 72 crores

17. Return on Investment on Three Technologies TechnologiesEnergy Savings (MWh) Capital Investment (Crores Rs.) Return on Investment (MWh/Crores Rs.) E+ Fittings21,83025.34861 CFL Fittings3,6781.722138 Solar Street Light Fittings 8,61859.72144 Return on investment in CFL is 15x times solar street lights Return on investment in E+ is 6x times solar street lights

18. Energy Saving Proposals – Key Questions First-cost vs. life-cycle cost Reliability and O&M issues  CFLs  Solar street lights Validity of Assumptions