1. KNEE REPLACEMENT Alan Golde Jr BME181

2. The knee is the largest joint in the body Knee replacements first performed in the 1960’s More then 4.5 million Americans currently living with at least one total knee replacement 650,000 knee replacements in 2010

3. Causes Advanced osteoarthritis Knee joint or bone trauma Genetics, developmental abnormalities Repetitive injuries Obesity

4. Procedure Incision is made to expose the knee joint Damaged parts of the tibia and femur are removed The implants are then fused to the bone Spacer is inserted to allow easy, low friction gliding

5. Materials The femur and tibia metal implants are usually made out of titanium or metal like cobalt chrome The spacer consists of a polyethylene plastic. Tailored to the patient Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement is commonly used or pegs are drilled into the bone to attach the metal components to the bones

6. TKR cost anywhere from $20,000 to $60,000 dollars Takes only 1 to 2 hours Extremely high success rates (95%) Recovery time of 8 to 12 weeks with physical therapy

7. Limitations Decrease in normal range of motion from 0-135 degrees to 0-110 degrees Any activity involving excessive knee impact Kneeling

8. References http://www.keggiorthosurgery.com/knee_replacement.php http://www.healthline.com/health/total-knee-replacement- surgery/statistics-infographic http://www.healthline.com/health/total-knee-replacement- surgery/statistics-infographic http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00389 http://bonesmart.org/knee/conditions-leading-to-knee- replacement-surgery/ http://bonesmart.org/knee/conditions-leading-to-knee- replacement-surgery/ http://www.andersonclinic.com/specialties/total-knee- replacement-arlington-alexandria-virginia.php http://www.andersonclinic.com/specialties/total-knee- replacement-arlington-alexandria-virginia.php