1. WHAT DO CHRISTIANS BELIEVE?

2. REVIEW

3. What is the most basic summary (i.e. theology) of the biblical message?

4. REVIEW What is the most basic summary (i.e. theology) of the biblical message? The “inbreaking of the kingdom (community) of God.”

5. REVIEW What is the most basic summary (i.e. theology) of the biblical message? The “inbreaking of the kingdom (community) of God.” The logical order to explain the who, what, when, where, why and how of this coming Kingdom of God is as follows:

6. REVIEW What is the most basic summary (i.e. theology) of the biblical message? The “inbreaking of the kingdom (community) of God.” The logical order to explain the who, what, when, where, why and how of this coming Kingdom of God is as follows: 1.Theology Proper – Who is God? 2.Anthropology – Who are we? 3.Christology – Who is Jesus and what did He do? 4.Pneumatology – Who is the Spirit and what does He do? 5.Ecclesiology – What is the Church and what is its mission? 6.Eschatology – Where is it all going? What is the “end goal”?

7. REVIEW What is the most basic summary (i.e. theology) of the biblical message? The “inbreaking of the kingdom (community) of God.” The logical order to explain the who, what, when, where, why and how of this coming Kingdom of God is as follows: 1.Theology Proper – Who is God? 2.Anthropology – Who are we? 3.Christology – Who is Jesus and what did He do? 4.Pneumatology – Who is the Spirit and what does He do? 5.Ecclesiology – What is the Church and what is its mission? 6.Eschatology – Where is it all going? What is the “end goal”? Last time we looked at Anthropology and the question, “Who Are We?”

8. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world.

9. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world. That “home” is the Triune God in whom we find our origins.

10. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world. That “home” is the Triune God in whom we find our origins. Essentially, as human beings we are a union of body and soul, we have the ability to interact with both the material and spiritual world.

11. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world. That “home” is the Triune God in whom we find our origins. Essentially, as human beings we are a union of body and soul, we have the ability to interact with both the material and spiritual world. We also have free will, but it is a freedom limited by God’s ultimate plan for His creation and who he created us to be.

12. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world. That “home” is the Triune God in whom we find our origins. Essentially, as human beings we are a union of body and soul, we have the ability to interact with both the material and spiritual world. We also have free will, but it is a freedom limited by God’s ultimate plan for His creation and who he created us to be. Ultimately, our identity lies in God’s design for us to be people created in His image.

13. REVIEW As human beings we have a need for a “home” that transcends the material world. That “home” is the Triune God in whom we find our origins. Essentially, as human beings we are a union of body and soul, we have the ability to interact with both the material and spiritual world. We also have free will, but it is a freedom limited by God’s ultimate plan for His creation and who he created us to be. Ultimately, our identity lies in God’s design for us to be people created in His image. Therefore, it is Jesus, the exact image of God, who represents perfectly what it means to be human and what God intends for us to become.

14. REVIEW However, our sin has marred who we are and has resulted in our alienation, condemnation, enslavement and depravity.

15. REVIEW However, our sin has marred who we are and has resulted in our alienation, condemnation, enslavement and depravity. But God on account of His great love for us has set in motion a plan to redeem us.

16. REVIEW However, our sin has marred who we are and has resulted in our alienation, condemnation, enslavement and depravity. But God on account of His great love for us has set in motion a plan to redeem us. At the center of this plan is Jesus of Nazareth. And now we will turn our attention directly on Him.

17. CHRISTOLOGY

18. Christology is essentially the answer to two basic questions:

19. CHRISTOLOGY Christology is essentially the answer to two basic questions: 1.Who is Jesus?

20. CHRISTOLOGY Christology is essentially the answer to two basic questions: 1.Who is Jesus? 2.What does Jesus Accomplish?

21. 1. WHO IS JESUS?

22. The answer to the question of who Christians believe Jesus is can be divided into three sub-headings.

23. 1. WHO IS JESUS? The answer to the question of who Christians believe Jesus is can be divided into three sub-headings. 1.Jesus is divine, God in human form.

24. 1. WHO IS JESUS? The answer to the question of who Christians believe Jesus is can be divided into three sub-headings. 1.Jesus is divine, God in human form. 2.Jesus is human, one with us.

25. 1. WHO IS JESUS? The answer to the question of who Christians believe Jesus is can be divided into three sub-headings. 1.Jesus is divine, God in human form. 2.Jesus is human, one with us. 3.Jesus is both divine and human in one undivided person.

26. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM

27. On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God?

28. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested:

29. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness

30. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings

31. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings His death on the cross

32. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings His death on the cross His claim to be God

33. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings His death on the cross His claim to be God However, all of these things are claims about Jesus and on their own cannot compel us to believe that Jesus is, in fact, God.

34. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings His death on the cross His claim to be God However, all of these things are claims about Jesus and on their own cannot compel us to believe that Jesus is, in fact, God. What all of these things need is the affirmation of the Jesus’ resurrection from the dead.

35. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM On what basis do we affirm that Jesus is God? Many reasons for believe that Jesus is God have been suggested: His sinlessness His teachings His death on the cross His claim to be God However, all of these things are claims about Jesus and on their own cannot compel us to believe that Jesus is, in fact, God. What all of these things need is the affirmation of the Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. Jesus’ resurrection from the dead is historical vindication that his claim to be God is in fact the truth.

36. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM “The historical foundation for our assertion of Jesus’ deity rests on his personal claim as confirmed by the resurrection.” – Grenz, p. 260

37. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM “The historical foundation for our assertion of Jesus’ deity rests on his personal claim as confirmed by the resurrection.” – Grenz, p. 260 Once Jesus’ claim to be God is established by His resurrection, everything else follows. Because he is God, we accept the testimony that he was sinless, the great teacher and won salvation for us through his death on the cross.

38. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM “The historical foundation for our assertion of Jesus’ deity rests on his personal claim as confirmed by the resurrection.” – Grenz, p. 260 Once Jesus’ claim to be God is established by His resurrection, everything else follows. Because he is God, we accept the testimony that he was sinless, the great teacher and won salvation for us through his death on the cross. The resurrection is also the ground for our confidence that we can have a relationship with Jesus today.

39. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM “The historical foundation for our assertion of Jesus’ deity rests on his personal claim as confirmed by the resurrection.” – Grenz, p. 260 Once Jesus’ claim to be God is established by His resurrection, everything else follows. Because he is God, we accept the testimony that he was sinless, the great teacher and won salvation for us through his death on the cross. The resurrection is also the ground for our confidence that we can have a relationship with Jesus today. “Unless it is true on historical grounds that Jesus came forth from the grave, we have no certainty that there is a living Christ who encounters us in the present.” Grenz, 261

40. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM “The historical foundation for our assertion of Jesus’ deity rests on his personal claim as confirmed by the resurrection.” – Grenz, p. 260 Once Jesus’ claim to be God is established by His resurrection, everything else follows. Because he is God, we accept the testimony that he was sinless, the great teacher and won salvation for us through his death on the cross. The resurrection is also the ground for our confidence that we can have a relationship with Jesus today. “Unless it is true on historical grounds that Jesus came forth from the grave, we have no certainty that there is a living Christ who encounters us in the present.” Grenz, 261 “ And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost. If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied.” – 1 Cor. 15:17-19

41. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God.

42. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God. 1.Jesus is the revealer of God.

43. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God. 1.Jesus is the revealer of God.  As God, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of who God is and what God desires. “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.” – John 14:9

44. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God. 1.Jesus is the revealer of God.  As God, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of who God is and what God desires. “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.” – John 14:9 2.Jesus is Lord

45. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God. 1.Jesus is the revealer of God.  As God, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of who God is and what God desires. “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.” – John 14:9 2.Jesus is Lord “Herein lies a great scandal of the Christian faith: The universal history of all creation and the histories of every person who has ever lived find their significance in, and take their meaning from one brief historical life – Jesus of Nazareth.”

46. JESUS IS DIVINE, GOD IN HUMAN FORM Two things logically follow from the fact that Jesus is God. 1.Jesus is the revealer of God.  As God, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of who God is and what God desires. “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.” – John 14:9 2.Jesus is Lord “Herein lies a great scandal of the Christian faith: The universal history of all creation and the histories of every person who has ever lived find their significance in, and take their meaning from one brief historical life – Jesus of Nazareth.”  All history is His Story. It all centers on and serves Jesus.

47. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US

48. “The Gospels lead us to conclude that he was truly human, in the sense that Jesus lived under the conditions of earthly existence as humans do… such common dimensions of life as knowing human needs, undergoing times of trial and temptation, and being subjected to a variety of limitations.” – Grenz, 275

49. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US “The Gospels lead us to conclude that he was truly human, in the sense that Jesus lived under the conditions of earthly existence as humans do… such common dimensions of life as knowing human needs, undergoing times of trial and temptation, and being subjected to a variety of limitations.” – Grenz, 275 Jesus was truly one with us and fully experienced our humanness including birth, growth and lifelong learning.

50. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US “The Gospels lead us to conclude that he was truly human, in the sense that Jesus lived under the conditions of earthly existence as humans do… such common dimensions of life as knowing human needs, undergoing times of trial and temptation, and being subjected to a variety of limitations.” – Grenz, 275 Jesus was truly one with us and fully experienced our humanness including birth, growth and lifelong learning. His sharing the fullness of our humanity was necessary for him to save us from sin.

51. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US “The Gospels lead us to conclude that he was truly human, in the sense that Jesus lived under the conditions of earthly existence as humans do… such common dimensions of life as knowing human needs, undergoing times of trial and temptation, and being subjected to a variety of limitations.” – Grenz, 275 Jesus was truly one with us and fully experienced our humanness including birth, growth and lifelong learning. His sharing the fullness of our humanity was necessary for him to save us from sin. “Since the children have flesh and blood, he too shared in their humanity so that by his death he might break the power of him who holds the power of death—that is, the devil… For this reason he had to be made like them, fully human in every way, in order that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, and that he might make atonement for the sins of the people.” Hebrews 2:14,17

52. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US However, Jesus is not only truly human, he is also the True Human, the revelation of what humans are intended by God to be.

53. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US However, Jesus is not only truly human, he is also the True Human, the revelation of what humans are intended by God to be. Jesus’ life on earth is the model we’re called to follow.

54. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US However, Jesus is not only truly human, he is also the True Human, the revelation of what humans are intended by God to be. Jesus’ life on earth is the model we’re called to follow. “Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps.” - 1 Peter 2:21

55. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US However, Jesus is not only truly human, he is also the True Human, the revelation of what humans are intended by God to be. Jesus’ life on earth is the model we’re called to follow. “Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps.” - 1 Peter 2:21 But greater than this, Jesus’ resurrection shows us what we as humans are destined to become.

56. JESUS IS HUMAN, ONE WITH US However, Jesus is not only truly human, he is also the True Human, the revelation of what humans are intended by God to be. Jesus’ life on earth is the model we’re called to follow. “Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps.” - 1 Peter 2:21 But greater than this, Jesus’ resurrection shows us what we as humans are destined to become. In the resurrected Jesus Christ we catch a glimpse of God’s ultimate plan for humankind.

57. JESUS IS BOTH DIVINE & HUMAN IN ONE UNDIVIDED PERSON

58. Christians affirm that Jesus is God incarnate (“the Word made flesh”). But how is Jesus “fully God” and “fully human” and still in some way “one”?

59. JESUS IS BOTH DIVINE & HUMAN IN ONE UNDIVIDED PERSON Christians affirm that Jesus is God incarnate (“the Word made flesh”). But how is Jesus “fully God” and “fully human” and still in some way “one”? In the first four and a half centuries of Christian faith questions about how the divine and human natures of Jesus fit together into one was a matter of great debate.

60. JESUS IS BOTH DIVINE & HUMAN IN ONE UNDIVIDED PERSON Christians affirm that Jesus is God incarnate (“the Word made flesh”). But how is Jesus “fully God” and “fully human” and still in some way “one”? In the first four and a half centuries of Christian faith questions about how the divine and human natures of Jesus fit together into one was a matter of great debate. At the Fourth Ecumenical Council in 451 AD agreement was finally reached that Jesus is one person “in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.”

61. JESUS IS BOTH DIVINE & HUMAN IN ONE UNDIVIDED PERSON Christians affirm that Jesus is God incarnate (“the Word made flesh”). But how is Jesus “fully God” and “fully human” and still in some way “one”? In the first four and a half centuries of Christian faith questions about how the divine and human natures of Jesus fit together into one was a matter of great debate. At the Fourth Ecumenical Council in 451 AD agreement was finally reached that Jesus is one person “in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.” Jesus is one person with two natures.

62. 2. WHAT DOES JESUS ACCOMPLISH?

63. Again the answer to this question can be divided into three sub-headings:

64. 2. WHAT DOES JESUS ACCOMPLISH? Again the answer to this question can be divided into three sub-headings: 1.The three offices of Christ (i.e. roles or ‘hats’)

65. 2. WHAT DOES JESUS ACCOMPLISH? Again the answer to this question can be divided into three sub-headings: 1.The three offices of Christ (i.e. roles or ‘hats’) 2.The atonement (i.e. what happen in and as a result of Christ’s death)

66. 2. WHAT DOES JESUS ACCOMPLISH? Again the answer to this question can be divided into three sub-headings: 1.The three offices of Christ (i.e. roles or ‘hats’) 2.The atonement (i.e. what happen in and as a result of Christ’s death) 3.The ongoing work of Christ

67. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST

68. A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself.

69. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus:

70. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet

71. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets.

72. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets. 2.Priest

73. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets. 2.Priest  Jesus cam as the great high priest whose sacrifice of himself paid the price for our sin once for all.

74. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets. 2.Priest  Jesus cam as the great high priest whose sacrifice of himself paid the price for our sin once for all. 3.King

75. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets. 2.Priest  Jesus cam as the great high priest whose sacrifice of himself paid the price for our sin once for all. 3.King  Jesus is the Messiah, the Anointed One.

76. THE THREE OFFICES OF CHRIST A greater understanding of what Jesus came to accomplish can be reached by understanding the roles or “offices” he took on himself. Christians have traditionally ascribed three offices to Jesus: 1.Prophet  Jesus was the great fulfillment of Old Testament hope, the climax in the great succession of Old Testament prophets. 2.Priest  Jesus cam as the great high priest whose sacrifice of himself paid the price for our sin once for all. 3.King  Jesus is the Messiah, the Anointed One.  He came not only as a herald announcing the good news that the kingdom of God had come near. He, himself, was the King.

77. THE ATONEMENT

78. What was happening when Jesus died on the cross?

79. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models”

80. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model

81. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model  This model sees Jesus’ death as the ultimate victory of Jesus over Satan and the forces of evil that hold humankind in bondage.

82. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model  This model sees Jesus’ death as the ultimate victory of Jesus over Satan and the forces of evil that hold humankind in bondage.  In humanity’s decision to listen to Satan over God, we justly fell under Satan’s grasp. But Satan overextended his rights in slaying the innocent Jesus thereby forfeiting his right to hold us in bondage. In this way Jesus has set us free from the powers of Satan, sin and death.

83. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model  This model sees Jesus’ death as the ultimate victory of Jesus over Satan and the forces of evil that hold humankind in bondage.  In humanity’s decision to listen to Satan over God, we justly fell under Satan’s grasp. But Satan overextended his rights in slaying the innocent Jesus thereby forfeiting his right to hold us in bondage. In this way Jesus has set us free from the powers of Satan, sin and death. 2.Penal Substitution

84. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model  This model sees Jesus’ death as the ultimate victory of Jesus over Satan and the forces of evil that hold humankind in bondage.  In humanity’s decision to listen to Satan over God, we justly fell under Satan’s grasp. But Satan overextended his rights in slaying the innocent Jesus thereby forfeiting his right to hold us in bondage. In this way Jesus has set us free from the powers of Satan, sin and death. 2.Penal Substitution  This model sees Jesus’ death primarily in terms of a legal exchange.

85. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model  This model sees Jesus’ death as the ultimate victory of Jesus over Satan and the forces of evil that hold humankind in bondage.  In humanity’s decision to listen to Satan over God, we justly fell under Satan’s grasp. But Satan overextended his rights in slaying the innocent Jesus thereby forfeiting his right to hold us in bondage. In this way Jesus has set us free from the powers of Satan, sin and death. 2.Penal Substitution  This model sees Jesus’ death primarily in terms of a legal exchange.  Our sin has made us guilty and deserving of God’s wrath. Christ, in his death, pays the penalty for our sin substituting himself in our place and taking God’s wrath upon himself.

86. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model

87. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model  This model sees Jesus death as trailblazing a new way of living life that we could never have known apart from the example of Jesus.

88. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model  This model sees Jesus death as trailblazing a new way of living life that we could never have known apart from the example of Jesus.  Jesus’ death is the supreme act of self-sacrificial love that wins our hearts and shows us the example of how to live lives of self-sacrificial love, a way of life we never could have known or been motivated to follow apart from Christ’s great sacrifice.

89. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model  This model sees Jesus death as trailblazing a new way of living life that we could never have known apart from the example of Jesus.  Jesus’ death is the supreme act of self-sacrificial love that wins our hearts and shows us the example of how to live lives of self-sacrificial love, a way of life we never could have known or been motivated to follow apart from Christ’s great sacrifice. Historically, Christians have fought over which model is the right model.

90. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model  This model sees Jesus death as trailblazing a new way of living life that we could never have known apart from the example of Jesus.  Jesus’ death is the supreme act of self-sacrificial love that wins our hearts and shows us the example of how to live lives of self-sacrificial love, a way of life we never could have known or been motivated to follow apart from Christ’s great sacrifice. Historically, Christians have fought over which model is the right model. More recently Hans Boersma has proposed (he would say ‘recovered’) a view of how they all fit together.

91. THE ATONEMENT What was happening when Jesus died on the cross? Three main theories or “models” 1.The “Christus Victor” (Christ the champion) model 2.Penal Substitution 3.Exemplarist or Moral-Influence model Historically, Christians have fought over which model is the right model. More recently Hans Boersma has proposed (he would say ‘recovered’) a view of how they all fit together. In a nutshell, his view is that the what Christ achieved on the cross was victory over the powers that kept us in bondage, but that the Penal Substitution and Exemplarist models are the means of achieving that victory. We gain victory over Satan and evil through the penalty Jesus paid for us and by following the example He set out for us.

92. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us?

93. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.

94. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.

95. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world.

96. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom

97. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom  We are not our own. We were bought at a price – the death of God’s only- begotten Son.

98. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom  We are not our own. We were bought at a price – the death of God’s only- begotten Son. 3.Jesus’ death is propitiation and expiation

99. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom  We are not our own. We were bought at a price – the death of God’s only- begotten Son. 3.Jesus’ death is propitiation and expiation  Jesus’ death satisfying God’s wrath, his righteous anger towards our sin (propitiation) and covered over our sin, removing it from God’s view (expiation).

100. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom  We are not our own. We were bought at a price – the death of God’s only- begotten Son. 3.Jesus’ death is propitiation and expiation  Jesus’ death satisfying God’s wrath, his righteous anger towards our sin (propitiation) and covered over our sin, removing it from God’s view (expiation). 4.Jesus is our Reconciliation

101. THE ATONEMENT What is the significance of Jesus’ death for us? 1.Jesus’ death is our example.  Life is not a “choose your own adventure” book.  We are called to follow Jesus on “the way of the cross,” living out his self- sacrificial love for the world. 2.Jesus’ death is our ransom  We are not our own. We were bought at a price – the death of God’s only- begotten Son. 3.Jesus’ death is propitiation and expiation  Jesus’ death satisfying God’s wrath, his righteous anger towards our sin (propitiation) and covered over our sin, removing it from God’s view (expiation). 4.Jesus is our Reconciliation  Jesus’ death effects a new relation with God. We are no longer his enemies. We are his children, brothers and sisters of His Son Jesus.

102. THE ATONEMENT Ultimately, the atonement can be summed up for us like this:

103. THE ATONEMENT Ultimately, the atonement can be summed up for us like this: “Christ is God’s provision for our fallen condition.” – Grenz, p. 349

104. 3. THE ONGOING WORK OF CHRIST

105. After Jesus’ resurrection God the Father exalted Jesus and gave him the name that is above every name.

106. 3. THE ONGOING WORK OF CHRIST After Jesus’ resurrection God the Father exalted Jesus and gave him the name that is above every name. Jesus has ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father.

107. 3. THE ONGOING WORK OF CHRIST After Jesus’ resurrection God the Father exalted Jesus and gave him the name that is above every name. Jesus has ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father. In his exalted state Jesus continues his work, interceding with the Father on our behalf.

108. 3. THE ONGOING WORK OF CHRIST After Jesus’ resurrection God the Father exalted Jesus and gave him the name that is above every name. Jesus has ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father. In his exalted state Jesus continues his work, interceding with the Father on our behalf. Jesus promised to send the Holy Spirit after He ascended. Next week we will look at Pneumatology and the question “Who is the Spirit and what does he do?”