1. Circuit Breaker Components Capacitor Resistors Diodes Switches

2. Capacitors--Specs 10KVDC 10uF Small Size Three sources –Plastic Capacitors Inc (USA) –Hi Volt Corporation (Ireland) –High Energy Corporation (USA)

3. Capacitors Size is a function of Capacitance –Smaller capacitance, smaller volume

4. Possible to use smaller cap? 10uF gives a spike of 12kV for about 200msec 1uF gives a spike of 14kV for about 100msec Is this acceptable? Try simulations with 5uF

5. Capacitor Comparison Plastic CapsHi VoltHigh Energy materialsSealed military can, Solder-seal terminals Tinplate case, Ceramic terminals Enamel finish Plated steel, epoxy finish ImpregnantMineral oil ApplicationsStorage/dischage, high current low repetiton Arc and spark suppression, Voltage smoothing Filters

6. Cap Comparison (cont) Tolerances of ±10% Temperature ranges –55C to 85C Prices (based on purchase of 100-150 units) –Plastic Caps range from $112 for 1uF to $493 for 10uF –Hi Volt prices at £70 fro 1uF and 4uF

7. Resistors--specs 1kΩ resistance 10 Amps 10kVDC 10A*10kV=100kW! 100kW*1sec=27.77kWh 27.22kWh/3.6*10^6=7.7*10^-6 Joules

8. Resistors—what I found Most resistors very small or very large Most resistors rated in KW range are very large size and impractical for our purposes High voltage resistors are rated for low wattage and high energy Ex. Kanthal Globar 106AS resistor 15kV, 35A, 13W, 1900J

9. Resistors Actual resistance value still undecided Actual ratings not entirely clear, i.e. what power ratings and energy ratings will suffice for this application. Wait until design is more firm, test resistors in lab

10. Resistors (cont) Manufacturers –Kanthal Globar Resistors designed for short pulses $43-$73 range per resistor (based on small order) Sizes from 2”-6” in length –Nicrom Ticino Power resistors $55-$75 range 2”-6” length –Tepro Will build to our specs, 400mm in length

11. What we have Capacitors –No problem Switches –Will use vacuum switches for now –Looking into GTO Diodes –Again, no problem

12. Diodes Need 10A, 10kV Vrrm Found 10-20A, 1000-1600Vrrm Can cascade in series International Rectifier –Two types Plastic casing, $1.26-$1.68ea Metal casing$3.72-$3.84ea Both about 1.25” in length Neither immersable in transformer oil

13. Switches Possible options –Vacuum switches Durable, long lasting Require continuous signal while closed 3.25” long, 0.65” wide –GTO switches Turn on signal, turn off signal, but no continuous current

14. What’s next? Build a low-voltage prototype What we have –IGBT switches –Logic switch controller What we need –Low voltage capacitor, resistors, diodes