1. Language Department, Office of General Education, Faculty of Hospitality Industry For Excellence in Hospitality Education Arj. Zeph Norrish Principles of Communication Chapter 4: Perception and Self

2. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 2 SCOPE Chapter 4 Lecture and Discussion: Describe Self-identity and Motivation Importance of Knowing Oneself Impact of Perception on Professional and Personal Lives Chapter 4 Case Study Instructor Review Student Q&A

3. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 3 “We see the world, not as it is, but as we are” – Talmud (or Anais Nin)

4. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow "A Theory of Human Motivation" In 1943 "What a man can be, he must be.“, Maslow, 1954

5. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 5 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

6. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 6 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Noisy?

7. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 7 4.3 Concepts of Self, Perception, and Communication “Who am I?” “Am I what other people say I am, or am I who I say I am?” These are some of the most difficult and profound questions we can ask ourselves. How we answer them depends both on how we see ourselves and on how others see us.

8. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 8 4.4 Self-Concept Your self-concept is how you think and feel about yourself. Our sense of self comes from our communication with others. Your culture tells you what is right or wrong, and what is beautiful or ugly…

9. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 9 4.4 Self-Concept Tarzan is a story about a man who thinks he is an ape because he was raised by apes. We are products of our environments. Our parents, our friends, and our teachers all tell us who we are through reflected appraisals – messages we get about ourselves from others – as well as what to say… scripts. “Say thank you to the nice lady”

10. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 10 4.4 Self-Concept Most reflected appraisals come from things people say. Your college speech instructor may say you are a good speaker… …your peers may say you are a good friend… …and your coach may tell you that you must work harder. These create your self-concept.

11. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 11 4.4 Self-Concept Positive messages = Positive self-concept Positive self-concept = good decisions Negative messages = Negative self-concept Negative self-concept = bad decisions Good or bad decisions become self-fulfilling prophecies – events or actions that occur because we expect them.

12. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 12 4.4 Self-Concept When we compare ourselves with others to see how we measure up, we are making social comparisons. “Do I look as good as she does?” “What grade did you get on your midterm?” At some point in your life, you begin to see yourself in your own way… self- perception.

13. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 13 4.4 Self-Concept For most of us, psychological safety – the approval and support that we get from familiar people, ideas, and situations – is important. A psychological risk involves taking a chance on something new. Taking a psychological risk helps improve one’s self-concept… hopefully.

14. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 14 4.5 Improving Self-Concept Look in the self-improvement section of any bookstore or library…. Books will not improve your self- concept… only you can do that. Internet chat and social networking are not the answer.

15. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 15 The ICEBERG Model

16. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 16 The JOHARI Window Luft, J. and Ingham, H. (1955) “The Johari window, a graphic model of interpersonal awareness”, open arena hidden - facade blind spot (POTENTIAL)

17. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 17 4.6 Perception While your self-concept is how you see yourself, perception is how you look at others and the world around you. How you look at the world depends on what you think of yourself, and what you think of yourself will influence how you look at the world.

18. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 18 4.6 Perception Process Perception is a THREE STEP PROCESS

19. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 19 4.6 Perception Look at these three triangles… These expectations or predispositions to respond are a type of perceptual filter called psychological sets. What you see is what you expect to see.

20. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 20 4.6 Perception Deletions - blotting out, erasing, or canceling information—must occur, first, because your physical senses are limited, or because of your beliefs. Similarly – Additions are added to meet expectations. Combined these for Distortions Consider GESTALT “the whole is greater than the SUM of the PARTS”

21. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 21 4.6b Visual Perception - Gestalt Figure / Ground

22. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 22 4.6b Visual Perception - Gestalt Closure

23. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 23 4.6 b Visual Perception - Gestalt Proximity Continuity

24. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 24 Similarity rows or columns?

25. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 25

26. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 26

27. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 27

28. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 28 4.6 Perception Generalizations involve drawing principles or conclusions from particular evidence or facts. All future experiences are filtered through that belief, information that contradicts the belief is deleted, and you distort other information so it will support the belief… what we call perceptual filters.

29. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 29 Case Study Review Take 15-minutes to compare your case study summaries with a partner and create a revised idea to present.

30. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 30 BREAK! Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus. Enjoy! Take a break!

31. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 31 Handout Review You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions. Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible. You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

32. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 32 HOMEWORK! Go to the copy shop next to the canteen and get a copy of Unit 5: Listening. Read Unit 5 and complete sections 5.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 5 Review: Case Study.