2. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بنام خداوند بخشنده مهربان

3. منگنز

4. Manganism "Welders' Disease"

5. Manganism occurs when people are exposed to high levels of manganese, which builds up in the patient's system and causes damage to the lungs, central nervous system, liver and kidney. The results of high levels of manganese are symptoms that resemble Parskinson's disease: headaches, tremors, balance problems, loss of coordination and cognitive impairment. Manganism is sometimes called "Welders' Disease" because it reportedly appears more frequently in welders than in the general population. Manganese is a component of fumes produced by welding, putting welders at risk of inhaling high levels of the chemical.

6. Miners are considered to be at the highest risk for developing manganism

7. مصارف : باطري هاي خشك باطري هاي خشك شيشه و سراميك سازي شيشه و سراميك سازي در تهيه فولاد به منظور احياء اكسيژن و گوگرد در تهيه فولاد به منظور احياء اكسيژن و گوگرد در ساخت باطري ها به صورت بي اكسيد منگنز در ساخت باطري ها به صورت بي اكسيد منگنز در صنايع شيميايي به عنوان عامل اكسيد كننده در تهيه پرمنگنات در صنايع شيميايي به عنوان عامل اكسيد كننده در تهيه پرمنگنات در تهيه آلياژهاي مغناطيسي در تهيه آلياژهاي مغناطيسي در رنگ سازي در رنگ سازي كود شيميايي كود شيميايي در تهيه رنگ برنده ها ، ضد عفوني كننده ها در آزمايشگاهها در تهيه رنگ برنده ها ، ضد عفوني كننده ها در آزمايشگاهها ساخت آلياژهاي فولاد ساخت آلياژهاي فولاد

8. سردرد، خستگي اختلال خواب و زودرنجي ( کج خلقي ) اختلال خواب و زودرنجي ( کج خلقي ) وضعيت ديوانگي ( بيمار رواني ) شبيه جنون وضعيت ديوانگي ( بيمار رواني ) شبيه جنون ( ديوانگي منگنز ) ( ديوانگي منگنز ) Muscle stiffness and soreness Fatigue and weakness Speech disturbances Loss of coordination Abnormal walk Tremors Leg cramps or weakness Fixed facial expression Impotence Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Slow and clumsy movements Stooped posture Mental and emotional disturbances Manganism symptoms

10. Manganism is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system. The manganism is similar to Parkinson's Disease, and may include slow and clumsy movements, tremors, shakes, weakness, difficulty breathing, loss of coordination and slurred speech. Manganism or parkinsonism develops after years of exposure to welding fumes containing manganese. Unfortunately, OSHA does not presently require that special ventilation or respirators be provided when manganese fumes are encountered during welding

11. Patient 1. A, Axial T1- weighted image shows bilateral and symmetric hyperintensities within the globus pallidus (arrows). B, Axial FLAIR imaging finding is normal. C, CT image shows faint bilateral foci of calcification in the medial aspect of the globus pallidus (arrows), with precise correspondence on the T2* (D) sequence (arrows).

12. Parkinson's disease genes linked to manganese poisoning

13. "spastic gait"--a walking impairment resulting from manganese poisoning among workers in manganese- steel production

14. Tremors or Shaking Walking disorders Balance problems Slowed movements Muscle rigidity of tenseness Slow or slurred speach Sleeping disorders Increased and abnormal reflexes Irregular handwriting Mask-like facial features Abnormal reactions to pain, touch, heat and pressure Excessive salivation and perspiration Euphoria Sexual impotence Mood symptoms Restlessness Irritability Apathy Visual hallucinations Uncontrollable impulses Flight of ideas Mental confusion Crying or laughing without purpose Spastic grin Poor memory Impaired hearing Double vision WELDING-RELATED MANGANISM SYMPTOMS