1. PAPWH FIRST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW

2. Significance of 1215  Signing of the Magna Carta.  Theory of limiting the power of the king.  Establishment of an elected representative body  Guarantee of individual rights.

3. Feudal Contract  A set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal.

4. Christian Humanist believed  If the people read the classics, and especially the basic works of Christianity, they would become more pious.

5. Lutheranism  Was the first protestant faith.

6. Ignatius Loyola  Founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.

7. Humanist  The movement had a profound effect on education.

8. Desiderius Erasmus  Best known of all Christian humanists

9. Ninety-five Thesis  Martin Luthers’s publication attacked the abuses in the sale of indulgences, beginning the Protestant Reformation.

10. Calvin Vs. Luther  Agreed on doctrines:  Who spoke better German  The leadership of the Catholic Church  The sale of indulgences.

11. Final decrees of the Council of Trent  Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs.

12. Magna Carta  Makes provisions for an elected representative governing body.  Protects the rights of individual citizens.  Separates religious from political authority.

13. Black Death  Was a catalyst that brought Europe out of the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance by causing a restructuring of:  Social structures  Economic systems  Political systems.

14. Renaissance Education  Critical component of a Renaissance person for all of the following reasons  It allow a human being to reach their full potential  It gives a person the ability to think and reason  It has the potential to change human beings

15. Henry VIII  Why did Henry VIII of England ask the pope for a divorce?  He wanted a wife who would bear a son.

16. Protestant Movement  Anabaptists  John Calvin  Ulrich Zwingli  Henry VIII

17. Inuit  The major civilization in Mesoamerica existed prior to the arrival of Columbus.

18. Defeat of the Inca  Despite the overwhelming numerical advantage in the Encounter between the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro and the Inca ruler Atahuallapa, the Spanish were able to defeat the Inca because.  Guns  Steel swords  horses

19. Smallpox & Measels  These microbes were the true cause of the demise of the Mesoamerican civilization.

20. Aztec Empire  Religious practice of human sacrifice  Ruler believed to be descended from the gods  Polytheistic religious system

21. Kublia Khan  Grandson of Chinggis Khan and Mongol ruler of China

22. Marco Polo  European traveler who went to China

23. Summa Theologica  The work of Thomas Aquinas which argued for the logical proof of the existence of God

24. Black Death  The series of plagues which swept through Europe and killed half of the population

25. Urban  Cities

26. Secular  Non-religious

27. Humanism  The belief in the development of the human intellect and potential

28. 95 Thesis  Reforms that were proposed to help bring an end to the corruption of the Catholic Church

29. Machivelli  Argued for the unrestrained use of power

30. John Calvin  Teacher of the doctrine of predestination

31. Martin Luther  German monk who’s call for reform led to the Protestant Reformation

32. Henry VIII  King of England who rebelled against the Pope and started the Anglican church

33. Kievan Rus  Scandinavian trading post and the beginning of civilization of Russia

34. Commercial Capitalism  Economy based on the use of money