1. CLONE 90121307 鄭人文 90121309 柯依婷 90121317 謝佳翰 90121336 廖娟慧 90121339 曾憲章

2. History ► 1.1966- the establishment of the complete genetic code. In 1966, some scientists crack the genetic code. The cracking of the genetic code opened the door for the explosion of genetic engineering studies and achievement. ► 2. 1970-first restriction enzyme isolated. In 1970, two scientists called Howard and David working independently isolated the first restriction enzyme. The restriction enzyme called Reverse Transcriptase, cut DNA molecules at precise locations. This capability led to the manipulation of DNA. ► 3. In 1996, Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells, born. Researchers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland created Dolly using a technique similar to that with which they created the first sheep from differentiated embryo cells in 1995. ► 4. In 1997, a Harvard graduate researcher, Richard, announced that he planned to clone a human being before any federal laws could be enacted to ban the process. His announcement irritated lots of ethical people.

3. Cloning Techniques ► Nuclear Transfer ► Roslin Technique ► Honolulu Technique

4. Roslin Technique http://home.hawaii.rr.com/johns/art.htm

5. Honolulu Technique http://home.hawaii.rr.com/johns/aht.htm

6. Future ► Infertility ► Kidey failure ► Leukemia — bone marrow ► Cancer ► Spinal cord injury ► Testing for genetic disease

7. Interview ► Introduce ► What is your opinion about “ cloning ” ? ► Are you for the idea of cloning which helps the parents who are unable to have their own baby to carry out their dreams?

8. Discussion ► A: Is cloning wrong or right? -Wrong- ◎ The decline in genetic diversity. ◎ If everyone has the same genetic material… ◎ If a population of organisms has the same genetic information… ◎ Errors are occurring when scientists carry out the procedure. -Right- ◎ The goals and proposes for cloning range from making copies of those that have deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals. ◎ Cloning could also directly offer a means of curing diseases or technique that could extend means to acquiring new data for sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time. ◎ Researchers can harvest and grow adult cells in large amounts compared to embryos. ◎ Scientists can then genetically alter these cells and find which ones did transform and then clone only those cells.

9. ► B: Can we and should we clone humans? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Using cloning to procedure offspring for the sake of their organs is an issue that we must also face and question whether or not it is morally right. Most people only seem to want to carter to their own needs and do not bother to consider the consequences society and the clone may have to face.

10. Thanks for your participations ► BY Louise