1. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Fire Administration I Randy R. Bruegman Chapter 11 Community Disaster Planning

2. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Learning Objectives Define the role that FEMA has in disaster response Describe the four phases of emergency management Describe the Federal National Response Plan

3. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Learning Objectives Define the ICS system and each section Define the six areas of homeland security Describe what an ESP is Describe the Stafford Act

4. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ What Is a Disaster? Disasters Day-to-day emergencies

5. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ What Is a Disaster? Disasters vs. larger incidents Similar damage, injuries, and problems Comprehensive disaster planning Prior to September 11, 2001 Current disaster plans

6. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ What Is a Disaster? The Risk –Each community has a unique set of risks –Planning begins with hazard assessment –Types of events –Evaluate the threat each poses –Effective response requires many agencies –Lessons learned from drills and exercises

7. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ What Is a Disaster? The Plan –Community disaster plans –Basis of emergency operations plan (EOP) –Completion of the plan is the beginning, not the end

8. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The Government’s Role in Disaster Response Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act Federal Response Plan

9. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The Government’s Role in Disaster Response Recent disasters show much to accomplish Local community disaster planning outlines Hurricane Katrina Programs also focus on recovery Stafford Act allows federal deployment Programs are not static

10. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Fire service has been critical element in community response If the community-based system fails

11. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) –History Became part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003 Congressional Act of 1803 Piecemeal approach during the 1930s

12. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort FEMA –History 1960s and early 1970s Natural disasters prompted legislation Created by executive order in 1979 Absorbed many existing agencies

13. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort FEMA –History John Macy was first director Early challenges James L. Witt named director in 1993 Joe M. Allbaugh appointed director in 2001

14. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort FEMA –History Department of Homeland Security FEMA today FEMA’s mission

15. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort FEMA –Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM) Interrelated components Phases of emergency management Roles and responsibilities depend upon the nature of the disaster Local role is critical

16. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Planning for Emergency Management

17. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Preparedness –Must be in place before the emergency

18. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Preparedness –Family Preparedness Program

19. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Preparedness: A Community Effort Preparedness –Personal and family safety –Local government must refine planning –Enhancing the effectiveness of local government –State monitors local information

20. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Response Activities to save lives and prevent harm to people and property

21. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Response Local government provides information to the state State assesses when the disaster has exceeded state capacity

22. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Recovery Oriented toward recovery activities Institutionalized difference between response and recovery

23. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Recovery The Federal Response Plan –Developed out of concern for earthquakes –Federal response has broadened –To be more proactive –Response and recovery directorate replaced recovery-oriented division –Restorative activities

24. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Recovery The Federal Response Plan –Recovery decisions have long-lasting impacts –Local government role in recovery –Federal and state cooperation –Difficult to separate end of response and beginning of recovery

25. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Mitigation To reduce community vulnerability to similar disasters

26. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Mitigation In all phases of emergency management Earthquake prone areas Fire-resistive construction Potential flood areas Project Impact

27. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Storm Ready National Weather Service program to help cope with severe weather 90 percent of Presidential declarations are weather related

28. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Storm Ready United States weather events Assists with community preparation Voluntary program

29. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) Concept Endorsed by President Reagan and Congress in 1994 Based on CEM principles Each community has own level of capabilities Plan development process

30. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) Concept Planning for Emergency Management: Command/Decision Making

31. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Hazard Assessment: Why Is It Important? Risk assessment is essential to planning Community hazard assessment Benefits of an open planning process

32. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Hazard Identification Hazard defined

33. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan Introduction –Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HPSD)-5 –Objectives –Built on the National Incident Management System (NIMS) template –Activities

34. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan Introduction to the National Response Plan (NRP) –The Plan –Incidents of national significance –Roles and responsibilities

35. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan Emergency Support Functions –Coordination mechanisms –Stafford Act and non-Stafford Act incidents –Provide staffing

36. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan NRP Coordinating Structures –Incident Command Post (ICP) –Area Command (Unified Command) –Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) –State Emergency Operations Center (EOC) –Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC)

37. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan NRP Coordinating Structures –Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) –National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) –Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC)

38. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan NRP Coordinating Structures –Strategic Information and Operations Center (SIOC) –National Joint Terrorism Task Force (NJTTF) –Joint Field Office (JFO) –Joint Operations Center (JOC)

39. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ The National Response Plan NRP Coordinating Structures –Joint Field Office (JFO) Coordination Group –Principal Federal Office (PFO) –Federal Coordination Officer (FCO) –Senior Federal Law Enforcement Official (SFLEO)

40. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Nongovernmental and Volunteer Organizations Collaborate with first responders to provide relief services National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD)

41. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Nongovernmental and Volunteer Organizations American Red Cross Red Cross Disaster Services

42. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Support incident management Citizen Corps Expand resources and materials through partnerships

43. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Citizen Corps –Citizen Corps Councils –Citizen Corps Guide for Local Officials –Personal responsibility

44. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) –Disaster preparedness –Disaster response skills

45. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Fire Corps –Enhance fire departments –DHS funding –Management partnership

46. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) –Practicing and retired health care professionals –Support public health initiative

47. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Neighborhood Watch –Crime prevention –Terrorism awareness –DOJ funding

48. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Citizen Involvement Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS) –Enhance law enforcement –DOJ funding

49. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Managing the National Response Plan Incidents are handled at lowest jurisdictional level State and local resources plus interstate mutual aid are first line of response

50. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Managing the National Response Plan Organizational Structure –Progression from local to national level –Local incident command structures –Multi-agency coordination centers/EOCs

51. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-5 –February 28, 2003 –Flexibility –Standardization

52. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Six Major Components –Command and Management –Preparedness –Resource Management –Communications and Information Management

53. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Six Major Components –Supporting Technologies –Ongoing Management and Maintenance

54. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System The Incident Command System –Common organizational structure –Transitional steps to apply ICS in a field environment

55. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System ICS Organization –Functional structure –Modular extension –Initial assignments –Modular concept –Organizational titles

56. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System ICS Organization

57. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System The Operations Section –Manage tactical operations at the incident –Various agencies –Operational organization –Organizational method

58. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Major Organizational Elements of Incident Operations

59. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System The Planning Section –Collect, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information –Contains four primary units

60. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Planning Section Organization

61. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System The Logistics Section –Meets all support needs for the incident –Led by a section chief –May be divided into two branches at large incidents

62. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Logistics Section Organization

63. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Logistics Section Structure

64. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System The Finance/Administration Section –Meets all financial, reimbursement, and/or administrative needs for the incident –Track financials as incident progresses –Led by a section chief

65. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Incident Management System Finance/Administration Organization

66. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Variations in Preparedness at the Local Level Widespread variation in local terrorism preparedness Not immune from terrorist acts regardless of where you live

67. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Purpose –Coordinated approach for national infrastructure protection Risk management framework Defines roles and responsibilities

68. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Goal –Requires meeting a series of objectives –Requirements to measure progress –Risk management framework –Achieving the goal

69. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Protection – Manage Risks

70. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Authorities, Roles, and Responsibilities –Homeland Security Act of 2002 Basis for responsibilities Development of a comprehensive national plan Recommend protection measures

71. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan The Value of the NIPP Plan –Public-private partnerships provides the foundation –Government support of industry efforts

72. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Sector Partnership Model –Challenges of protection implementation –DHS is responsible for overall protection –Collaborative protective structures

73. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Regionally Based Concepts

74. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ National Infrastructure Protection Plan Risk Management Framework –Cornerstone of the NIPP –Risk

75. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Coordination Defining administrative strategy of homeland security State and local coordination Local governments lack funding and expertise

76. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Communication Critical for homeland security Many radio systems are not interoperable Effort to create interoperability

77. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Communication Interoperability Techniques

78. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Communication Interoperability Continuum

79. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Funding Sources Money does not necessarily produce higher levels of homeland security

80. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Six Mission Areas of Homeland Security Intelligence and warning Border transportation and security Domestic counterterrorism

81. Bruegman, Fire Administration 2/e © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ Six Mission Areas of Homeland Security Protecting critical infrastructure Defense against catastrophic threats and bioterrorism Emergency preparedness and response