1. What are the diseases of the Respiratory System Dr. Raid Jastania

2. Diseases of the Respiratory System Primary disease Secondary disease –Other systems and organs affecting the respiratory system Cardiac Renal Chest wall Hematological GIT

3. What are the primary diseases of the Respiratory system Upper respiratory tract Lung Pleura

4. What are the primary diseases of the Respiratory system Upper respiratory tract: –Nose –Sinuses –Nasopharyx –Larynx –Trachea Lung: –Airways –Interstitium –Blood vessels Pleura

5. What are the diseases of each organ (or part) in the system Pathological Processes –Neoplastic –Non- Neoplastic Inflammatory Genetic/Developmental/Congenital

6. What are the diseases of each organ (or part) in the system Pathological Processes –Neoplastic Benign Malignant –Non- Neoplastic Inflammatory Genetic/Developmental/Congenital

7. What are the diseases of each organ (or part) in the system Pathological Processes –Neoplastic Benign Malignant –Non- Neoplastic Inflammatory –Infection, physical, chemical, ischemic, immune, nutritional/metabolic Genetic/Developmental/Congenital

8. Conclusion Diseases of the Respiratory System –Primary vs Secondary –Upper respiratory tract –Lower respiratory tract Lung Pleura –Pathological Process Neoplastic Inflammatory

9. Dyspnea

10. Shortness of breath The awareness that an abnormal amount of work is required for breathing

11. What are the causes of dyspnea?

12. Dyspnea is essentially symptom of the Respiratory Tract. Most of the diseases of the respiratory tract will cause dyspnea

13. Causes of Dyspnea Primary disease of the respiratory system Secondary disease

14. Causes of Dyspnea Primary disease of the respiratory system Secondary disease –Cardiac –Anemia –Metabolic disorder –Pychogenic

15. Causes of Dyspnea Primary disease of the respiratory system –Upper respiratory tract –Lung –Pleura Secondary disease

16. Causes of Dyspnea Upper Respiratory tract: –Nose –Sinuses –Nasopharynx –Larynx –Trachea Lung: –Airways –Interstitium –Vessels Pleura

17. Causes of Dyspnea Upper Respiratory tract: –Nose –Sinuses –Nasopharynx –Larynx –Trachea Lung: –Airways –Interstitium –Vessels Pleura Pathological Process –Neoplastic –Inflammatory

18. Causes of Dyspnea Upper respiratory tract –Tracheal obstruction or stenosis –Tracheal disease (inflammatory, neoplastic) –Larynx (inflammatory, neoplastic) –Epiglotis (inflammatory, neoplstic) –Nasopharynx (inflammatory, neoplstic)

19. Causes of Dyspnea Lung –Neoplasm: lung cancer –Inflammatory conditions of Airways Interstitium Vessels Pleura –Pleuritis –Neoplasm: Mesothelioma

20. Disease of Airways Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease –Emphysema –Chronic Bronchitis Bronchial asthma Bronchiectasis Atelectasis

21. Diseases of the interstitium Pneumonia (infection) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (acute cell injury) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Pneumoconiosis

22. Diseases of Pulmonary vessels Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension

23. Pleura Pleuritis Pneumothorax Mesothelioma

24. What are the diseases that cause Acute Dyspnea? What are the diseases that cause Chronic progressive Dyspnea? Describe the pattern of dyspnea in –Bronchial asthma –COPD –Bronchietasis –Atelectasis –Pneumonia –ARDS –Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis –Pulmonary embolism –Pneumothorax

25. Respiratory Failure Type I: –PaO2: low –PaCO2: normal or low –Due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch TypeII: –PaO2: low –PaCO2: high –Due to Pure hypoventilation

26. Respiratory Failure Type I: –Due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch –Due to asthma, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, ARDS, pneumonia, lung fibrosis, emphysema TypeII: –Due to Pure hypoventilation –Severe asthma, Foreign body obstruction, muscle paralysis, acute epiglotitis, chronic bronchitis