1. Spanish Missions

2. SPANISH CONTROL OF THE TEXAS BORDERLANDS
To control the Texas borderlands the Spanish built 4 types of settlements:
missions – religious communities
presidios – military bases
settlements – small villages with farmers and merchants
ranchos – or ranches

3. Missions
Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States.
The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, and to spread Christianity.
The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply.
Missions included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens.
Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm.

4. Missions
To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions.
Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso.
Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle.

5. GLUE MAP IN TO JOURNAL

6. Missions

7. Missions

8. New Missions along the Rio Grande
In the late 1600’s, the Spanish began building missions just south of the Rio Grande.
They also built missions among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.

9. Missions
In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, just east of present-day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

10. Spanish Settlements on the Frontier COPY INTO YOUR JOURNAL
To control the borderlands
Mission System
Goal
Four types of Spanish settlements
Represent
Spanish govern- ment there
Convert American Indians there to Catholicism
Develop settlements
there
missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

11. Why the French Interest in Texas?
Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade
Establish trade with the Spanish colonies
To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire
Unfortunately, the expeditions led by LaSalle ended in disaster

12. EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EXPEDITION
Gave France a strong claim to Texas
2nd Flag to fly over Texas (French)
Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis
Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land

13. Activity: Vocabulary
Using the new vocabulary, draw a plan for a Spanish Mission,
Label the following:
Mission
Presidio
Rancho
Settlement

14. Example

15. Example

16. Spanish Missions cont.
DAY TWO

17. Spanish in East Texas
Between the years of 1686 and 1687, the Spanish sent six expeditions by land, and five by sea, in an attempt to locate Fort St. Louis.
In early 1690, two men Alonso De Leon and Father Damian Massanet along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas.
In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico.

18. Spanish in East Texas
A Spanish priests of San Francisco de los Tejas, Father Francisco Hidalgo, requested to build a mission in East Texas, but the Spanish king refused.
Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build a mission instead.
In 1713, the French sent Louis St. Denis to help Father Hidalgo.
Both men returned to Spanish settlements and the Spanish arrested them.
Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the Spanish became nervous and began to make plans to return to East Texas.

19. FAILURE OF SPANISH MISSIONS IN EAST TEXAS
Location too remote
Floods, droughts, disease
Internal conflicts
Indians not interested in religious instruction

20. SAN ANTONIO RIVER AREA
San Antonio was seen as a midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement
Mild climate and location by a river
Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements

21. WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS
Chicken War – conflict between French and Spanish in Texas where the French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes.
The chickens at the Mission scared the French soldier’s horses and they began to run away. The “chicken attack” was seen as funny to the Spanish, but they retreated just in case. They went to the mission at San Antonio de Valero.

22. Activity: Chicken War
In your journal draw a cartoon of the Chicken War.
What do you “predict” would have happened if the chickens had not been there.

23. Spanish Return to Texas
France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas
Spain wants to spread Christianity
France wants to trade with the Indians
Spain builds 6 new missions

24. Problems with Spanish Missions
Missions were over 500 miles away from Spanish settlements (San Antonio de Valero was built as a mid point for this reason)
Apaches and Comanches raided the supplies wagons
Difficult to get supplies

25. Other missions failed because:
Successful missions:
1. San Antonio
2. Nacogdoches
3. Los Adaes
4. Goliad
Other missions failed because:
1. disease
2. Indian attacks
3. crop failure- hunger

26. Life in Missions

27. MISSIONS AND PRESIDIOS
Life centered around work and worship
Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food
Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult

28. Life in a Missions The day started at dawn with religious services.
Indians’ workday began under the direction of the priests
The day ended with prayers and dinner
This process hardly ever worked, because the Indians refused to let go of their old traditions

29. Life in a Mission
Men tended crops, while the women made pottery, cared for the livestock, wove cloth, and cooked.
The dwellings were uncomfortable.
People sometimes went hungry.

30. Spanish Mission
DAY THREE

31. Life in a Presidio

32. Life in a Presidios
Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby
These military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber.
They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building.
The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged.

33. LIFE IN SPANISH SETTLEMENTS
The mission had diverse populations
And they consisted of homes, government buildings and stores
The economy was based on farming and ranching
Social activities centered around church and family

34. The economy of the settlements was mostly based on farming and ranching.
The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow.
Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling.

35. Mission Government
The alcalde, served as mayor, sheriff, and judge of small cases.
The friars often allowed the Native Americans to vote in local elections and to hold public offices.

36. SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS TODAY
Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations
Apparent in music and food
Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers
Some Spanish missions are still active churches.
They laid out the first Texas roads.

37. Copy this graphic organizer into your journals:
Life in Spanish Texas
Copy this graphic organizer into your journals:
routes of
first Texas
roads
Catholic
heritage and
missions
many
Spanish
place-names
Examples of Spanish
Influence in Texas
culture
(architecture,
art, food,
language,
music)
cattle
ranching
traditions and
terms
legal
traditions