1. Hastily Formed Networks (HFN): Activities and Opportunities Brian Steckler, Director NPS HFN Center http://www.hfncenter.org Unclassified Information Brief ONR MURI Kickoff 28 JUL 08

2. Brian Steckler Information Sciences Dept & Cebrowski Institute, NPS Director, NPS Hastily Formed Networks Center Arrived February 2002 Naval Postgraduate School: Masters, Information Technology Mgmt, 1992-1994 University of Washington: BA Business Administration 1987 U.S. Navy Retired Officer 1976-1995 Industry: Founder/President Universal Internet 1995-2002, Business class ISP, software engineering and e-commerce solution provider. Research Agenda: wireless terrestrial and satellite communications for humanitarian assistance/disaster relief, surveillance, and targeting. Comms interoperability, information sharing, and situational awareness in austere environments.

3. Today’s Agenda HFNs Defined NPS HFN Related Recent Activities One Illustrative Example HFN MURI Opportunities/Relevance –network-centric operations –Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR)

4. HFNs and Network Science Happening NOW ! – Layered networks: comms, operational/social, financial, logistics – Ad hoc really means AD HOC ! – Evolving in real time, with high stakes – We ought to be informed by real world operations Visibility and access via NPS HFN work – Opportunities for measurement, analysis and experimentation Limited understanding of how these networks really work – Structure and function, dynamics, objectives, and constraints ? – A little insight could go a long way…… Is there a network “architecture” for HFNs ?

5. HFN Defined….. An HFN Consists of Five Elements: – a network of people or technologies established rapidly – from different communities, – working together in a shared “conversation space”, – in which they plan, commit to, and execute actions to – fulfill a large urgent mission. HFN Concept by Dr Peter Denning, NPS Cebrowski Institute Executive Director

6. Aspects of Conversation Space Physical – communication systems – meeting places – distribution systems Community – players and organizations Practices – rules of interaction and coordination

7. Past/Present NPS HFN Activities Net-Centric Ops Trident Warrior (07-08) –US Navy’s Major Annual Experimentation Exercise Golden Phoenix (07-08) –DOD/DHS Joint Radio Interoperability Exercise (LA 07, SD 08) COASTS (07-08) –Coalition Operating Area Surveillance/Targeting Systems Program for wireless field experiments in SE Asia HA/DR SE Asian Tsunami (Jan-May 05) Hurricane Katrina (Sep-Oct 05) USNS Mercy Humanitarian Mission to SE Asia (Summer 06) USNS Comfort Latin/South America Humanitarian Mission (Summer 07) Myanmar - Cyclone Nargis (Summer 08)

8. Practical Physical HFN THE HFN PUZZLE… Surrounded by the Civil- Military Boundary... …..and Improvisation !! http://www.hfncenter.org

9. Comms in Hurricanes, Earthquakes, etc….. The Problems: – No power – No fiber/copper infrastructure – No push-to-talk comms to speak of – Cellular svc mostly jammed / overwhelmed – SatPhone svc mostly jammed / overwhelmed – Not enough satellite eqpt suites available – No Internet access (web, email, VOIP) – No technical people resources available

10. HFNs - A Viable Comms Solution….. The HFN Puzzle Pieces – SATCOM Internet Reachback – 802.11 (WiFi) and 802.16 (WiMax) – Broadband Internet, Web, Email – Voice Over IP (basic dial-tone) – Skype (free internet phone) – Groove (collaboration solution)

11. Law Enforcement EOC Waveland Police Station Waveland Police Station Relief Distribution Center Relief Distribution Center Hancock Medical Center Hancock Medical Center Bay St Louis Fire & Police Station Bay St Louis Fire & Police Station Relief Distribution Center Relief Distribution Center 223 rd ENG BATT DET Tachyon Satellite 802.16 Wireless 802.11 Wireless NPS DET 1 NETWORK Network Infrastructure

12. Cooperative Operations and Applied Science & Technology Studies (COASTS) 2008+ Assessment of emerging C4ISR technologies applicable to maritime, littoral, law enforcement, first responder, and security missions: Sensors for tracking targets in littoral scenarios Quickly configurable, secure, low cost, test bed for assessment of specific technologies, components and/or systems solutions (COTS wireless networks) Real-time, net-centric information management for improved situational awareness Various UAV platforms for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance mission suitability Investigate/match participant mission needs with integrated C4ISR solutions in domestic, bi-lateral and multi-national environments

13. Cooperative Operations and Applied Science & Technology Studies (COASTS) 2008+ Scenarios Phase 1: Humanitarian Assistance –Royal Thai Armed Forces (RTAF), Royal Thai Navy (RTN) & NPS Phase 2: Force Protection / Base Security –RTAF & NPS Phase 3: Oil Pipeline Security –RTN & NPS

14. Ongoing NPS HFN Research HFNs that Enable or Enhance….. –Noncombatant Evacuation Ops (NEO) Tracking –Patient / Victim / Body Tracking Systems What will we do if we have 500,000 or 1 million victims ?! –Comms from Ship to Ship and Ship to Shore - US and International including EMIO, HA/DR, Tactical Operations Voice Radio Interoperability – DoD, DHS/FEMA/Nat’l Guard, Others More US / International HA/DR Opportunities: –Upcoming missions on US Warships & Hospital Ships in PACOM and AFRICOM AOR’s, Joint US/Coalition Partner Navy Exercises, the Next Real-World Disaster Smaller Form Factor Comms Suites, VSAT Internet Reachback, Alternate Power Sources, Shared Situational Awareness (Focus on POWER, LIFT, COMMS) Mobile device integration into HA/DR and/or Homeland Defense Applications Working More Effectively at the Civil Military Boundary Can we make sense of the inherent complexity in these network systems? Can we develop explanatory models? Ultimate objective: design of robust networks and operations

15. QUESTIONS ? Brian Steckler, Director, NPS Hastily Formed Networks Center http://www.hfncenter.org steckler@nps.edu or 831.656.3837