1. The 21 st Century JOB SEARCH STRATEGIES FOR Employee and Career Advising www.hr.arizona.edu

2. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 2 A WORD ABOUT JOB SEARCHES Knowledge is power, and understanding how employers hire will help in planning an effective job search. Be prepared to become frustrated with the process at one time or another. You will likely feel a loss of control and have the sense that the employer holds all the cards -- and they aren't showing their hand. The more time, research and preparation you undertake, the better your chances for success. The following presentation is designed to help you map out a job search strategy that brings results!

3. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 3 STEPS TO CONDUCTING YOUR CAREER SEARCH Hiring practices vary from industry to industry, employer to employer, hiring manager to hiring manager. Even managers at the same employer may use different approaches. However, here are some definitive steps you can take to improve your chance for success. Scan the environmental Self assess Improve your job skills Identify job leads Create amazing cover letters and resumes Sharpen your interview skills.

4. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 4 CONDUCT AN ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN What companies and industries are hiring and which are downsizing? Are there new or expanding companies in your target area? What are the most critical skills employers want from employees?

5. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 5 WHAT DO EMPLOYERS WANT?

6. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 6 ACADEMIC AND ACQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Industry specific skills and knowledge Reading and comprehensive skills. Use of math, logic, and reasoning skills Writing skills that enables effective communication with a variety of people Strong oral and public speaking skills. Skill in the use of computer and other technologies. Effective information accessing and processing skills. Ability to conduct research and interpret and apply data. An understanding of the environment in which you work and current state of affairs. Foreign languages and cultural competency

7. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 7 PERSONAL TRAITS AND “INNATE” ABILITIES Interpersonal skills, including listening, and working collaboratively with others. Critical thinking, reasoning, and problem- solving skills. Self-discipline; self-responsibility and the ability to apply ethical principles. Adaptability and flexibility. Conflict resolution and negotiation skills. Multicultural understanding, including insights into diversity and the need for an international perspective. Being excited about lifelong learning and setting personal and professional goals.

8. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 8 CONDUCT A SELF-ASSESSMENT Current Job Situation: Are there opportunities for a different role or alternative arrangement? (e.g. part-time, flex schedule) Financial Requirements: What is minimum “net” salary you need? What is the cost of benefit premiums? What might be some alternative sources of income? Preference, skills, abilities, temperament: What are your life/work needs? what type of work culture is desired? What are your strongest skills, abilities, knowledge areas and how are they transferable to other jobs/careers? Development Needs: What gaps exist between your skills and what employers are seeking? What training/development steps do you need to take to close the gap?

9. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 9 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES  Formal College Education  Business and Technical Schools  Community Classes  Specialized Training & Certification  On-line courses  Vocational Programs  Temporary or contract work  Volunteer Work or unpaid internships  On-the-Job: Take on additional projects, job rotation, project teams, committees, mentoring

10. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 10 LOCATING JOB LEADS You need to decide what sources you will use to locate potential employers. Everyone you talk to will have a different opinion on this. Some people feel that classified ads are a waste of time and that networking is the only way to go. Others believe that using recruiters will get them the job they want. Some people prefer to conduct their entire search through the internet. So, which strategies should you use? The answer is, all of them. The success of each strategy may depend on the type of position or industry you are seeking. When conducting your job search, leave no stone unturned. Use different methods for tracking down potential employers, but always include “marketing” strategies that put you in personal contact with potential employers.

11. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 11 Employers who hire occasionally, or for very specialized positions, will advertise positions through print and internet advertising and will search on-line resume banks or use paid recruitment services. Strategies: Read classified ads, utilize popular job boards such as CareerBuilder or Monster.com as well as targeted or industry driven job boards. Employers who need to hire large groups of employees or are expanding or restructuring their organization may be continuously recruiting applicants, even when there isn't an immediate need. They may be building a pool of applicants from which to draw from. Strategies: Pay attention to articles in newspapers and news stories about new or expanded companies; Search company websites, attend career fairs, visit or contact targeted employers directly. LOCATING JOB LEADS (REQUIRES RESEARCH)

12. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 12 LOCATING JOB LEADS (REQUIRES PERSONAL CONTACT) Most employers are always on the look-out for good talent. They are “actively” recruiting, but may not have an specific job opening or they may have positions that are not formally advertised. Strategies: These opportunities can be accessed through referral of friends and associates and by networking with others at events, social engagements etc. You can also sign up or contact recruitment firms that have a client base in industries that hire for the positions you are seeking Employers hire people they like. They like people they know. They get to know people by observing them in action. Strategies: Register with temporary staffing agencies; volunteer to work at companies you would like to work for or who can become a source of referral.

13. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 13 TIPS FOR APPLYING ON-LINE Employers are frequently turning to technology to help manage the hiring process. Growing technologies include resume scanning systems, databases and job boards. Those seeking to find new employment are well advised to learn the rules of this new world and to apply them in their job search. Tailor your resume to each opportunity and use key words: Computers can now search scanned resumes and identify key words, skill sets and experiences that match the position’s desired qualifications. These tools can even be tailored to count the number of times that a specific term occurs in a resume and give more weight to those with higher counts. By modifying your resume to include specific reference in the job announcement to desired skills, you can significantly improve the chances of your resume getting past the electronic gatekeeper and into the hiring authority’s inbox. Keep your personal information on job boards secure. Do not include key personal data such as social security, drivers license, bank account or credit card numbers in your online profile or resume. As date of birth is also commonly used for identification purposes, avoid including it as well.

14. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 14 You likely know about popular on-line jobboards such as Monster.com and CareerBuilder, but you may not be familiar with niche sites. Niche sites are sites that specialize in a particular industry or profession, such as Dice.com (technical) and InsideHigher Ed (Higher Education). Did you know that many federal, state, provincial, and local government jobs are listed online? Try Statejobs.com and Federaljobsearch.comStatejobs.comFederaljobsearch.com Many companies list their job openings on their corporate web sites. You can easily find those sites by typing in the name of the company in any search engine. You can also add the word “recruiter” or human resources to get potential contact information. Other resources include FlipDog.com and Indeed.com that gather job listings from company web sites and place them on single search engine. In addition, newspapers often publish their classified ads on the Web, which you can access at not cost, and free sites like Craigslist are being increasingly popular sites for locating employment opportunities. ELECTRONIC JOB BOARDS

15. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 15 USING SOCIAL NETWORKS FOR JOB LEADS Social networking sites are an excellent source of job opportunities. Professional sites such as LinkedIn allow users to develop and extend their personal network by connecting with the networks of others and to allow recommendations and references to be forwarded easily. Personal networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace do come with a risk. A name-based check on the Internet will surface your entry on any of these networking sites. It is highly advised that you make sure that your page reflects you in the best light possible.

16. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 16 Once employers have an applicant pool, finding the best qualified candidate is no simple task since they are working with limited information. The reality is that for any one job, employers may have 50, 100 or more applicants. Their first task is to eliminate as many applicants as fast as possible. During the initial screening, employers may take no more than a 30 - 45 seconds on each application/resume. Their only goal is to narrow the pool of qualified applicants to be interviewed. They are looking for reasons to screen you out, not in. SO, DON’T GIVE THEM ANY HELP! You must spend the necessary time and effort putting together the best cover letters and resumes possible. Typos, poor grammar and cutesy or off-the-cuff antidotes or stories are quick ways to get eliminated. You need to represent yourself as professionally and competently as possible. Employers will spend more time reviewing the small pool of candidates left after the review of application materials. Some employers will conduct phone interviews first, others only interview in person. In either case, you will need to upgrade your interview skills. (See also: Techniques for Successful Job Interviewing) HOW DO EMPLOYERS SCREEN APPLICANTS?

17. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 17 COVER LETTER FORMAT First Paragraph State the reason for the letter, name the specific position for which you are applying, and indicate how you learned of the opening and why your are interested in the position and the company; express enthusiasm that your skills, experiences etc are a great fit for this particular position. Second Paragraph This is the time to let the reader learn who you are and what value you would bring to the company. Point out specific qualifications and attributes related to stated requirements in the job advertisement. Don’t repeat what’s in your resume. Highlight the things that are the most unique and impressive. Third Paragraph Refer to the enclosed/attached application or resume. Indicate your desire for a personal interview and your flexibility as to time and place, including your willingness to travel and interview at your own expense. Thank them for their consideration and state that you hope to hear from them in the near future.

18. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 18 RESUME TIPS Limit to two pages if possible unless drafting a vita Leave off career objective – it is a space waster and doesn’t add much value. Include education at top of 1 st page only if recent/ relevant and/or impressive Begin with professional statement and/or highlight of specific skills and accomplishments – gives the reader a quick summary of your qualifications Remember to include technical and computer skills, languages spoken etc. Include relevant responsibilities and functions – not every task you performed Use bulleted statements to describe duties with outputs, impact and scope Talk about measurable outcomes such as # people supervised, $ saved etc. Include relevant memberships, associations and community service – but skip references to rock climbing, feng shui and other personal hobbies Also See: Developing Effective Resumes and Cover letters

19. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 19 QUICK INTERVIEW TIPS Be on time and dress appropriately Make a good first impression: (attitude, energy, personality) Eliminate possible distractors like chewing gum, visible tattoos, large jewelry, ill-fitting clothes, loud colors, heavy perfume, etc. Prepare and anticipate questions around common themes (problem- solving, critical thinking, collaboration, etc.) Be ready with relevant examples, “ stories ” and antidotes Listen for meaning and ask permission to take notes. Keep answers brief – 60 seconds to 2 minutes Avoid any talk of personal problems, constraints and family situations Don ’ t talk about salary or benefits until you know you are a serious candidate Also See: Techniques for Successful Job Interviewing

20. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 20 JOB SEARCH ACTION PLAN 1.Write down your job or career goals. 2.Create an inventory of your job skills and abilities. 3.Identify some development activities. 4.Research places you might want to work (website, informational interviews). 5.Identify specific action items and target time tables for completing each task. 6.Network, make contacts, let everyone know you are looking.

21. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 21 FINAL THOUGHTS ABOUT JOB SEARCHES Treat your job search like a job – schedule specific time for job search efforts. Identify work that enhances your current skill set and builds toward new experiences. Rely on research, contacts and face-to-face interaction to identify opportunities. Use multiple job search strategies- but focus your efforts on the most effective methods. Focus on industries and organizations for which you would like to work. Customize a resume to each position. Practice interviewing so that you are confident without being cocky – Learn to “fake it ‘til you make it”. Never complain about the people or places you have worked - even if its justified. It’s the biggest turnoff to potential employers. People hire people they like – Figure out how to get some face contact with decision- makers. Don’t stay idle too long – if you don’t obtain a position within your targeted timeframe – start your own business, work for a temporary agency or volunteer at a company you admire. This will keep your skills sharp and minimize gaps in your work history.

22. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 22 What are three action items that you will complete by the end of the week? (Something you are not doing now) 1. 2. 3. JOB SEARCH ACTION ITEMS

23. The University of Arizona – Human Resources Employee and Career Advising 23 JOB SEARCH RESOURCES Sample of Tucson ASRS Employers Pima Community College - www.pima.edu/jobs.htmwww.pima.edu/jobs.htm City of Tucson - www.ci.tucson.az.us/humanre/job.htmwww.ci.tucson.az.us/humanre/job.htm Tucson Unified School District - www.tusd.k12.az.us/www.tusd.k12.az.us/ Pima County - www.pima.gov/hr/cur.htmlwww.pima.gov/hr/cur.html Tucson Airport Authority - www.tucsonairport.org/taa/html/taa_employment.html Complete List of ASRS Employers www.asrs.state/az.us/web/pdf/EmployerList.pdf Others Resources AzStarnet (List of Tucson’s top 200 employers) www.azstarnet.com Job Hunters Bible: Jobhuntersbible.com “What Color is Your Parachute” – Richard Bolles “Job Hunting for Dummies” - Max Messmer POPULAR JOB BOARDS AlljobSearch.com Careerbuilder.com Indeed.com Flipdog.com Hotjobs.yahoo.com Jobing.com Jobcentral.com Jobsnet.com Monster.com TopUSAjobs.com Truecareers.com Simply Hired Usjobs.com