1. Vitamins, Minerals and Water

2. Objectives  Identify the two main classes of vitamins  List seven minerals your body needs in significant amounts  Explain why water is so important to your body

3. Vocabulary Vitamin- A nutrient that is made by living things, is required in small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in the body Antioxidant- A vitamin that helps protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer Mineral- A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil, needed by the body in small amounts

4. Anemia A condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin Homeostasis The process of maintaining a steady state inside the body Electrolyte A dissolved substance that regulates many processes in cells Dehydration A serious reduction in the body’s water content

5. Vitamins  Unlike carbs, fats and proteins; vitamins do not directly provide you with energy or the raw materials of which your cells are made  Vitamins help the body with various processes, including the use of other nutrients  Vitamins play roles in chemical reactions in the body. example; vitamin K helps your blood clot when you get a cut or a scrape

6.  Your body is able to make some vitamins  Example; your skin manufactures vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight  However, most vitamins must be supplied in the food you eat  2 classes of vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins (which dissolve in fatty materials) and water-soluble vitamins (which dissolve in water).

7. Fat-Soluble Vitamins (Can be stored by the body) Vitamin A – Found in: Liver; eggs; cheese; milk; yellow, orange and dark green vegetables and fruit Vitamin D- Found in: Milk; eggs; liver; exposure of skin to sunlight Vitamin E- Found in: Margarine; vegetable oils; wheat germs; whole grains; legumes; green, leafy vegetables Vitamin K- Found in: Green, leafy vegetables; potatoes; liver; made by intestinal bacteria

8. Fat-Soluble Vitamin Functions Vitamin A- Maintains healthy skin, bones, teeth and hair; aids vision in dim light Vitamin D- maintains bones and teeth; helps in the use of calcium and phosphorus Vitamin E- Aids in maintenance of red blood cells, vitamin A, and fats Vitamin K- Aids in blood clotting

9. Water Soluble Vitamins (Cannot be stored by the body) Therefore, it is important to eat foods that supply them every day Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) – pork products; liver; whole-grain foods; legumes Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) – Milk; eggs; meat; whole grains; dark green vegetables Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – Poultry; meat; fish; whole grains; nuts Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) – meat; poultry; fish; whole-grain foods; green vegetables

10. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) – meat; fish; poultry; eggs; milk; cheese Pantothenic acid – organ meats; poultry; fish; eggs; grains Folate (folic acid) – green, leafy vegetables; legumes Biotin- organ meats; poultry; fish; eggs; peas; bananas; melons Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) – citrus fruits; green vegetables; melons; potatoes; tomatoes

11. Water-Soluble Vitamin functions Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) – Aids in carbohydrate use and nervous system function Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) – Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – Aids in metabolism Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) – Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

12. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) – Maintains healthy nervous system and red blood cells Pantothenic acid – Aids in metabolism Folate (folic acid) – Aids in formation of red blood cells and protein Biotin- Aids in metabolism Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) – Aids in bone, teeth, and skin formations, resistance to infection, iron uptake

13. The 7 minerals you NEED in significant amounts Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur

14. Water About 65% of your body weight is water Water is essential for all life processes Almost all of the body’s chemical reactions take place in a water solution Water is the primary component of blood and tissue It carries dissolved waste products out of the body and helps digest food

15. What roles does water play in homeostasis? Water regulates body temperature When you become overheated, your body excretes perspiration, which cools your body Water contains dissolved substances called electrolytes that regulate many processes in your cells

16. Dehydration 2 causes of dehydration: very heavy perspiring and severe diarrhea When the body is dehydrated it loses important electrolytes along with the water Symptoms: weakness, rapid breathing, and a weak heartbeat

17. How much water? Females age 14-18: Everyday you need at least ten 8-ounce cups of water Males age 14-18: Everyday you need at least fourteen 8-ounce cups of water Foods that contain a lot of water: fruits and vegetables or juices Drinks that contain caffeine- may not be a good source of water for your body