1. Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards ICAO FAA Fire Safety 09-11-2014 LiMnO2.48Wh LiFeSO2 1.65Wh LiMnO2 1.86Wh LiMnO2 2.25Wh LiMnO2 9Wh LiFeSO2 4.35Wh LiMnO2 4.65Wh LiSOCl2 10.8Wh LiSOCl2 30.6Wh LiMnO2 33.3Wh LiSOCl2 68.4Wh LiSOCl2 8.82Wh

2. 2 Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards 09-11-14 Lithium-Metal: Importance of Vent 2 Thionyl Chloride (Without Vent) Thionyl Chloride (With Vent)

3. 3 Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards 09-11-14 Hazard of Thionyl Chloride (w/o vent) in LD3 3

4. 4 Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards 09-11-14 Lithium-Metal: Chemistry Variation 4 Thionyl Chloride (With Vent) Sulfur Dioxide (With Vent) Manganese Dioxide (With Vent)

5. 5 Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards 09-11-14 Battery Fires in Reduced O 2 Environment 200 CR123A Manganese Dioxide cells in chamber 5 Propagation Time: 187 sec O2 Depletion: 7.25% Max THC:.2237% Max Ave. Chamber Temp. 118.1C AirArgonNitrogen Propagation Time: 339 sec O2 Depletion: 3.67% Max THC:.7394% Max Ave. Chamber Temp. 165.5C Propagation Time: 337 sec O2 Depletion:.633% Max THC:.8746% Max Ave. Tree Temp. 37.63C Initial O 2 : 9% Initial O 2 : 21%

6. 6 Federal Aviation Administration Lithium Metal Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards 09-11-14 Summary Cells without adequate vents can explode. Heat release, propagation and flammability vary among different chemistries of Lithium-Metal cells. Propagation of cells is slowed by oxygen depletion with either Argon or Nitrogen Argon was insufficient to fully prevent the battery fire however. 6