1. Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments ICAO FAA Fire Safety 09-11-2014

2. 2 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results: Over-Pack Box 2

3. 3 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results: Steel Drum 3

4. 4 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results: Density Reduction 4

5. 5 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Separation Distance Tests 5 State of ChargeTwo sheets of cardboard (.3” thick) Three sheets of cardboard (.45” thick) Five sheets of cardboard (.75” thick) 60%

6. 6 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results (Separation Distance) 6 Larger separation distances were not very effective at reducing cell temperatures. Separation distance did however have a significant impact on the rate of propagation.

7. 7 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results (Material & SOC): Temperature The average maximum temperature of the cells increased as state-of-charge increased. Insulative materials decreased the temperatures. 7

8. 8 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 8 Results (Material & SOC): propagation time The time required for the entire package to burn increased as state-of-charge decreased. Insulative divider materials increased the propagation time of the package.

9. 9 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Results: Packet of Water A Packet of water placed above the cells stopped propagation. 9

10. 10 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Effect of Dividers on the Propagation of Thermal Runaway 10

11. 11 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 8 cell ICAO Packaging Regulation 11

12. 12 Federal Aviation Administration Passive Fire Protection for Lithium Battery Shipments 09-11-14 Summary An O 2 overpack box didn’t contain a battery fire. A steel drum didn’t contain a battery fire. A 50% reduction in packaging density didn’t stop propagation. Extra cardboard between cells reduces the rate of propagation but failed to prevent it. Insulative materials between the cells reduced the rate of propagation. A decrease in SOC decreased propagation rate and temperature. –Thermal Runaway didn’t propagate at 30% SOC. A water packet above the cells prevented propagation. Battery dividers painted with intumescent paint failed to prevent propagation. 8 cell ICAO packaging regulation failed to prevent propagation. 12