1. Systems & Models 1.1.1 – 1.1.3 & 1.1.8, 1.1.9 (start)
Mrs. Page

2. ASSESSMENT STATEMENTS
1.1.1 Outline the concept and characteristics of systems.
The emphasis will be on ecosystems but some mention should be made of economic, social and value systems.
1.1.2 Apply the systems concept on a range of scales.
The range must include a small-scale local ecosystem, a large ecosystem such as a biome, and Gaia as an example of a global ecosystem.
1.1.3 Define the terms open system, closed system and isolated system.
1.1.8 Distinguish between flows (inputs and outputs) and storages (stock) in relationship to systems.
1.1.9 Construct and analyze quantitative models involving flows and storages in a system.

3. SYSTEMS
On your notebook paper, brainstorm examples of a system from your every day life. Be ready to share.
Round Robin
Looking at these examples, how could we define a system?

4. What is a System? A System
Is an organized collection of interdependent components that perform a function and which are connected through the transfer of energy and/or matter
All the parts are linked together and affect each other.

5. REDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTIC APPROACHES
Reductionist Approach: Looking at each individual part
Holistic Approach: looking at how everything works together
This course will focus on both!

6. REDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTIC Range of Scales
Largest Scale Universe as a system
Earth as a system
A specific biome as a system (ex: Rainforests)
A specific ecosystem as a system
(ex: Amazon rainforest)
River bank within Amazon rainforest
Small Scale Plant on river bank on Amazon

7. GAIA Hypothesis James Lovelock Mid 1960’s
Proposed that plant Earth is a single living system (global system)
Earth maintains homeostasis (temperature, climate, ocean salinity)

8. 3 Types of Systems
An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings (for example, an ecosystem).

9. 3 Types of Systems A closed system exchanges energy but not matter;
“Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. closed
Do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems.

10. 3 Types of Systems
An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy.
No such systems exist
The universe as we know it is sometimes considered a closed system

11. SYSTEM DIAGRAMS Used to visually represent a system
1.1.8 Distinguish between flows (inputs & outputs) and storages (stocks) in relation to a system.
Used to visually represent a system
Boxes show storage of matter or energy
Arrows show the flow of matter or energy
Inputs = arrows into the storage
Outputs = arrows out of the storage
Processes get labelled on the arrow (ex: photosynthesis, respiration, diffusion, consumption, etc)

12. SYSTEM DIAGRAMS Water Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Biomass to Next Trophic Level
Waste
Nutrients (food)
Water
Oxygen
Biomass to Decomposers

13. YOU TRY: FORMATIVE
Choose a system from our list created earlier or a new one you have thought of and create a system diagram to show the stocks and flows in your system.
Be prepared to share your system with classmates

14. HOMEWORK
Make assessment notecards for assessment statements 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, and 1.1.8
Assessment Statement written on front of card
Answer and/or examples on the back of the card