1. Understanding and managing human risk factors in moving and handling activities : promoting and improving health at work through effective training Siân Edwards RNA, MSc, Dip OH, Tech IOSH, MIIRSM Sedoha Workplace Health Limited DLF Moving & Handling People Conference 27-28 th January 2015, London

2. The case for training 1/3 of reportable accidents each year are related to manual handling with back pain and musculoskeletal injuries and conditions commonly linked to manual handling (approximately 200,000 in 2013/14) Legal and moral requirement to protect the health and safety of employees (HASAWA 1974) HSE recommends comprehensive programmes to reduce risk from manual handling to include RISK ASSESSMENT (avoid, assess, reduce), TRAINING, and good manual handling techniques OH&S based on overlapping spheres of health protection, health promotion and health education

3. The Well Designed Training Programme Includes principles of safe manual handling Is practical and tailored to the workplace so that workers have confidence that they really can apply the principles of keeping themselves safe in their actual workplace with their specific types of loads IS GROUNDED IN THEORY BUT DELIVERED IN PRACTICE and takes account of learning styles and needs Prevents injury or ill-health, protects health, provides health education Engages the individual in the process of risk assessment as well as knowledge of safe manual handling techniques

4. Theories – behaviour change Stages of change Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Relapse

5. Theories – behaviour change 2 Health belief models Hazard appraisal Threat-related beliefs (perception of the severity and likelihood of negative health effect) Decision making Self-efficacy (perceived ability to make the behaviour change) Initiation Response efficacy (perceived effect of the behaviour change in reducing the risk of the negative health effect) Adherence Facilitating conditions and safety climate (benefits and cost of making the change)

6. Barriers and cues to action Attitudes and beliefs of both managers and employees Why people do not use the knowledge they gain to change the way they do things Why the provision of lifting and handling aids does not guarantee that they will be used Balancing employee safety with the need to “get the job done” Individual willingness to change Senior staff commitment The most effective people to effect the change

7. Case study E-learning module with multiple choice test Health risks of manual handling Health education including self-care Manual handling techniques Lifting aids TILE approach to risk assessment Practical manual handling training sessions in mixed groups of up to 15 Revision of e-learning Practical work in variety of work areas Engaged workers in TILE risk assessments and in applying practical solutions to each others problems Took account of various learning styles

8. Conclusion A well designed training programme is an essential part of the broader approach to minimising risk from manual handling (and particularly people handling) alongside risk assessment and good manual handling techniques The well designed training programme can promote health in the workplace through the overlapping spheres of prevention, protection and health education The well designed training programme should be grounded in theory but delivered in practice so that it is fully tailored to the needs of the individuals in the specific workplace

9. References Edwards, S. (2012) Cutting health risks through manual handling training Occupational Health http://www.personneltoday.com/hr/cutting-health-risks-through-manual-handling-training/ http://www.personneltoday.com/hr/cutting-health-risks-through-manual-handling-training/ Health and safety at work etc. act 1974 (HASAWA) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37 Health and Safety Executive manual handling webpages http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/manualhandling.htmhttp://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/manualhandling.htm Health and Safety Statistics 2013/14 http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/overall/hssh1314.pdfhttp://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/overall/hssh1314.pdf Tannahill, A (2009) The Tannahill Model revisited Public Health http://www.publichealthjrnl.com/article/S0033- 3506%2809%2900059-6/pdfhttp://www.publichealthjrnl.com/article/S0033- 3506%2809%2900059-6/pdf Contact me at sianedwardsoha@rocketmail.com or 07986699986sianedwardsoha@rocketmail.com